by Raymond Peat
Progesterone Information
Progesterone Supplementation
Dosage of Progesterone
孕酮信息/补充剂/剂量
PROGESTERONE INFORMATION
信息
Sixty years ago, progesterone was found to be the main hormone produced by the ovaries. Since it was necessary for fertility and for maintaining a healthy pregnancy, it was called the “pro-gestational hormone,” and its name sometimes leads people to think that it isn't needed when you don't want to get pregnant. In fact, it is the most protective hormone the body produces, and the large amounts that are produced during pregnancy result from the developing baby's need for protection from the stressful environment. Normally, the brain contains a very high concentration of progesterone, reflecting its protective function for that most important organ. The thymus gland, the key organ of our immune system, is also profoundly dependent of progesterone.
In experiments, progesterone was found to be the basic hormone of adaptation and of resistance to stress. The adrenal glands use it to produce their antistress hormones, and when there is enough progesterone, they don't have to produce the potentially harmful cortisol. In a progesterone deficiency, we produce too much cortisol, and excessive cortisol causes osteoporosis, aging of the skin, damage to brain cells, and the accumulation of fat, especially on the back and abdomen.
60年前，人们发现黄体酮是卵巢产生的主要激素。由于它对生育和维持健康的妊娠是必要的，它被称为“妊娠前激素”，它的名字有时会让人们认为，当你不想怀孕时，它是不需要的。事实上，它是身体产生的最具保护作用的激素，在怀孕期间产生的大量激素是由于婴儿在成长过程中需要保护，以免受压力环境的影响。正常情况下，大脑含有高浓度的黄体酮，这反映了它对最重要器官的保护功能。胸腺，我们免疫系统的关键器官，也深深地依赖于孕酮。
在实验中，黄体酮被发现是适应和抵抗应激的基本激素。肾上腺利用黄体酮产生抗压力激素，当黄体酮足够时，它们就不需要产生潜在的有害皮质醇。在孕酮缺乏的情况下，我们会产生过多的皮质醇，过多的皮质醇会导致骨质疏松、皮肤老化、脑细胞损伤和脂肪堆积，尤其是在背部和腹部。
Experiments have shown that progesterone relieves anxiety, improves memory, protects brain cells, and even prevents epileptic seizures. It promotes respiration, and has been used to correct emphysema. In the circulatory system, it prevents bulging veins by increasing the tone of blood vessels, and improves the efficiency of the heart. It reverses many of the signs of aging in the skin, and promotes healthy bone growth. It can relieve many types of arthritis, and helps a variety of immunological problems.
If progesterone is taken dissolved in vitamin E, it is absorbed very efficiently, and distributed quickly to all of the tissues. If a woman has ovaries, progesterone helps them to regulate themselves and their hormone production. It helps to restore normal functioning of the thyroid and other glands. If her ovaries have been removed, progesterone should be taken consistently to replace the lost supply. A progesterone deficiency has often been associated with increased susceptibility to cancer, and progesterone has been used to treat some types of cancer.
It is important to emphasize that progesterone is not just the hormone of pregnancy. To use it only “to protect the uterus” would be like telling a man he doesn't need testosterone if he doesn't plan to father children, except that progesterone is of far greater and more basic physiological significance than testosterone. While men do naturally produce progesterone, and can sometimes benefit from using it, it is not a male hormone. Some people get that impression, because some physicians recommend combining estrogen with either testosterone or progesterone, to protect against some of estrogen's side effects, but progesterone is the body's natural complement to estrogen. Used alone, progesterone often makes it unnecessary to use estrogen for hot flashes or insomnia, or other symptoms of menopause.
实验表明，黄体酮可以缓解焦虑，改善记忆力，保护脑细胞，甚至可以预防癫痫发作。它促进呼吸，并已被用于纠正肺气肿。在循环系统中，它通过增加血管的张力来防止血管膨胀，并提高心脏的效率。它能逆转皮肤老化的许多迹象，促进健康的骨骼生长。它可以缓解多种类型的关节炎，并帮助各种免疫问题。
如果孕酮溶解在维生素E中服用，它会被非常有效地吸收，并迅速分布到所有组织。如果女性有卵巢，黄体酮可以帮助她们调节自身和荷尔蒙的分泌。它有助于恢复甲状腺和其他腺体的正常功能。如果她的卵巢已被摘除，应持续服用孕酮以补充失去的供应。黄体酮缺乏通常与癌症易感性增加有关，黄体酮已被用于治疗某些类型的癌症。
重要的是要强调孕激素不仅仅是怀孕的激素。仅仅用它来“保护子宫”就像告诉一个不打算做父亲的男人他不需要睾酮一样，除了孕酮比睾酮更重要和更基本的生理意义。虽然男性自然分泌黄体酮，有时也能从中受益，但它不是一种男性荷尔蒙。有些人会有这样的印象，因为一些医生建议将雌激素与睾酮或孕酮结合使用，以防止雌激素的一些副作用，但孕酮是体内对雌激素的天然补充。单独使用时，黄体酮通常使它没有必要使用雌激素来治疗潮热或失眠，或其他更年期症状。
When dissolved in vitamin E, progesterone begins entering the blood stream almost as soon as it contacts any membrane, such as the lips, tongue, gums, or palate, but when it is swallowed, it continues to be absorbed as part of the digestive process. When taken with food, its absorption occurs at the same rate as the digestion and absorption of the food.
当黄体酮溶解在维生素E中时，它几乎在接触任何膜(如嘴唇、舌头、牙龈或上颚)时就开始进入血液，但当它被吞咽时，它继续被吸收，作为消化过程的一部分。当与食物一起服用时，它的吸收速度与食物的消化吸收速度相同。
PROGESTERONE SUPPLEMENTATION补充剂
SYMPTOMATIC: For tendonitis, bursitis, arthritis, sunburn, etc., progesterone in vitamin E can be applied locally after a little olive oil has been put on the skin to make it easier to spread the progesterone solution. For migraines, it has been taken orally just as the symptoms begin.
症状:对于肌腱炎、滑囊炎、关节炎、晒伤等，可在皮肤上涂少许橄榄油后局部涂抹维生素E中的黄体酮，使黄体酮溶液更容易扩散。对于偏头痛，在症状开始时口服。
FOR PMS: The normal pattern of progesterone secretion during the month is for the ovaries to produce a large amount in the 2nd two weeks of the menstrual cycle, (i.e., day 14 through day 28) beginning at ovulation and ending around the beginning of menstruation, and then to produce little for the following two weeks. An average person produces about 30 milligrams daily during the 2nd two weeks. The solution I have used contains approximately 3 or 4 milligrams of progesterone per small drop. Three to four drops, or about 10 to 15 milligrams of progesterone, is often enough to bring the progesterone level up to normal. That amount can be taken days 14 through 28 of the menstrual cycle; this amount may be repeated once or twice during the day as needed to alleviate symptoms. Since an essential mechanism of progesterone's action involves its opposition to estrogen, smaller amounts are effective when estrogen production is low, and if estrogen is extremely high, even large supplements of progesterone will have no clear effect; in that case, it is essential to regulate estrogen metabolism, by improving the diet, correcting a thyroid deficiency, etc. (Unsaturated fat is antithyroid and synergizes with estrogen.)
经前综合症:当月孕酮分泌的正常模式是卵巢产生大量二两周的月经周期,(即,第14天到28天)开始在排卵和月经结束的开始,然后产生以下两个星期。在第二周，平均每人每天产生大约30毫克。我使用的溶液每一滴大约含有3到4毫克的孕酮。三到四滴，或大约10到15毫克的黄体酮，通常就足以使黄体酮水平恢复到正常水平。这个量可以在月经周期的第14天到第28天服用;此剂量可在一天中重复使用一至两次，以缓解症状。由于黄体酮作用的一个重要机制涉及到它与雌激素的对抗，当雌激素分泌量低时，少量的黄体酮是有效的，如果雌激素分泌量非常高，即使大量补充黄体酮也没有明显的效果;在这种情况下，通过改善饮食、纠正甲状腺不足等方法来调节雌激素代谢是非常必要的(不饱和脂肪具有抗甲状腺作用，并与雌激素协同作用)。
PERIMENOPAUSAL: The symptoms and body changes leading up to menopause are associated with decreasing production of progesterone, at a time when estrogen may be at a lifetime high. The cyclic use of progesterone, two weeks on, two weeks off, will often keep the normal menstrual cycle going. Three to our drops, providing ten or twelve milligrams of progesterone, is typical for a day, but some women prefer to repeat that amount. Progesterone is always more effective when the diet contains adequate protein, and when thee isn't an excessive amount of unsaturated fat in the diet..
围绝经期:导致更年期的症状和身体变化与黄体酮的分泌减少有关，而此时雌激素可能是一生中最高的。周期性使用黄体酮，两周，两周，通常会保持正常的月经周期。三毫克的孕酮，提供10到12毫克的孕酮，这是典型的一天，但有些女性更喜欢重复这个量。当饮食中含有足够的蛋白质，且不含过多的不饱和脂肪时，孕酮总是更有效的。
POSTMENOPAUSAL: Some women continue the cyclic use of progesterone ater menopause, because the pituitary gland and brain may continue to cycle long after menstruation has stopped, and progesterone is an important regulator of pituitary and brain function. The cycling pituitary affects the adrenal glands and other organs, and progesterone tends to protect against the unopposed actions of prolactin, cortisol, and adrenal androgenic hormones. Progesterone's effects on the pituitary apparently contribute to its protective effect against osteoporosis, hypertension, hirsutism, etc. But some women prefer to use progesterone without interruption after the menopause, for its protective antistress effects. Slender people usually find that two or three drops are enough, but this amount may be repeated once or twice as needed to relieve symptoms. Adequate protein in the diet and good thyroid function help the body to produce its own progesterone; even if the ovaries have been removed, the adrenal glands and brain continue to produce progesterone.
绝经后:一些女性在绝经后继续循环使用孕激素，因为在月经停止后，脑垂体和大脑可能会持续很长时间的周期，而孕激素是脑垂体和大脑功能的重要调节器。周期性垂体影响肾上腺和其他器官，孕酮倾向于保护泌乳素、皮质醇和肾上腺雄激素的非对抗作用。孕酮对垂体的作用明显有助于其对骨质疏松、高血压、多毛症等的保护作用。但有些女性更喜欢在绝经后不间断地使用黄体酮，因为它有保护抗压力的作用。身材苗条的人通常会发现两到三滴就足够了，但这个量可能会重复一到两次，以缓解症状。饮食中充足的蛋白质和良好的甲状腺功能有助于身体产生自己的孕酮;即使卵巢被摘除，肾上腺和大脑仍会继续产生孕酮。
DOSAGE OF PROGESTERONE
剂量
Since progesterone has none of the harmful side effects of other hormones (except for alteration of the menstrual cycle if it is taken at the wrong time of month), the basic procedure should be to use it in sufficient quantity to make the symptoms disappear, and to time its use so that menstrual cycles are not disrupted. This normally means using it only between ovulation and menstruation unless symptoms are sufficiently serious that a missed period is not important. The basic idea of giving enough to stop the symptoms can be refined by some information on a few of the factors that condition the need for progesterone.
If a person has an enlarged thyroid gland, progesterone promotes secretion and unloading of the stored “colloid,” and can bring on a temporary hyperthyroid state. This is a corrective process, and in itself isn't harmful. A thyroid supplement should be used to shrink the goiter before progesterone is given. Normal amounts of progesterone facilitate thyroid secretion, while a deficiency, with unopposed estrogen, causes the thyroid to enlarge. The production of euphoria has been mentioned as a side effect, but I think euphoria is simply an indication of a good physiological state. (The history of official medical attitudes toward euphoria is a subject that deserves more attention.) Very large doses that are given in vitamin E solution, allowing complete absorption, can reach the level that is sometimes achieved late in pregnancy, producing both euphoria and a degree of anesthesis. To avoid unexpected anesthesia, the correct dose should be determined by taking about 10 mg. at a time allowing it to spread into the membranes of the mouth, and repeating the dose after 10 minutes until the symptoms are controlled.
孕激素以来没有有害的副作用其他激素(除了改变月经周期的如果是在错误的时间月),基本的程序应该使用它在足够的数量使症状消失,和它的使用时间,使月经周期不中断。这通常意味着只在排卵期和月经期之间使用它，除非症状足够严重，错过月经并不重要。基本的想法，给予足够的停止症状，可以通过一些信息，条件的几个因素，黄体酮的需要。
如果一个人的甲状腺肿大，黄体酮会促进分泌和释放储存的“胶体”，并可能导致暂时的甲亢状态。这是一个纠正过程，它本身是无害的。在使用黄体酮之前，应使用甲状腺补充剂来缩小甲状腺肿。正常数量的黄体酮有助于甲状腺分泌，而缺乏，无对抗雌激素，导致甲状腺扩大。产生欣快感是一种副作用，但我认为欣快感只是良好生理状态的一种表现。(官方医学界对欣快症的态度是一个值得更多关注的话题。)大剂量的维生素E溶液可以使其完全吸收，达到有时在怀孕后期达到的水平，产生欣快感和一定程度的麻醉。为避免意外麻醉，正确的剂量应确定为服用约10毫克。每次让它扩散到口腔粘膜，并在10分钟后重复剂量，直到症状得到控制。
An excessive estrogen/progesterone ratio is more generally involved in producing or aggravating symptoms than either a simple excess of estrogen or a deficiency of progesterone, but even this ratio is conditioned by other factors, including age, diet, other steroids, thyroid, and other hormones. The relative estrogen excess seems to act by producing tissue hypoxia (as reported in my dissertation, University of Oregon, 1972), and this is the result of changes induced by estrogen in alveolar diffusion, peripheral vascular changes, and intracellular oxygen wastage.
Hypoxia in turn produces edema (as can be observed in the cornea when it is deprived of oxygen, as by a contact lens) and hypoglycemia (e.g., diminished ATP acts like insulin), because glycolysis must increase greatly for even a small deficiency of oxygen. Elevated blood lactic acid is one sign of tissue hypoxia. Edema, hypoglycemia, and lactic academia can also be produced by other “respiratory” defects, including hypothyroidism, in which the tissue does not use enough oxygen. In hypoxia, the skin will be bluer (in thin places, such as around the eyes), than when low oxygen consumption is the main problem. Low thyroid is one cause of excess estrogen, and when high estrogen is combined with low thyroid, the skin looks relatively bloodless.
Symptoms in cycling women are most common around ovulation and in the premenstrual week, when the estrogen/progesterone ratio is normally highest. At puberty, in the early twenties and in the late thirties and menopause are the ages when the ratio is most often disturbed–and these are also the ages when thyroid disorders are commonest in women.
雌激素/孕酮比值过高比单纯雌激素过多或孕酮不足更容易引起或加重症状，但即使是这个比值也受到其他因素的影响，包括年龄、饮食、其他类固醇、甲状腺和其他激素。相对过量的雌激素似乎是通过产生组织缺氧而起作用的(正如我的论文，俄勒冈大学，1972)，这是由雌激素在肺泡扩散、周围血管改变和细胞内氧消耗引起的变化的结果。
缺氧又会导致水肿(通过隐形眼镜可以观察到角膜缺氧时的情况)和低血糖(例如，ATP减少像胰岛素一样作用)，因为即使是很小的缺氧糖酵解也会大大增加。血乳酸升高是组织缺氧的一个迹象。水肿、低血糖和乳酸学术界也可以由其他“呼吸”缺陷产生，包括甲状腺功能减退，组织没有使用足够的氧气。在缺氧时，皮肤会变得更蓝(在薄的地方，如眼睛周围)，比低氧消耗是主要问题。甲状腺功能低下是雌激素过多的一个原因，当高雌激素和甲状腺功能低下结合在一起时，皮肤看起来相对没有血液。
月经周期女性的症状最常见的是在排卵前后和经前一周，此时雌激素/孕激素的比例通常最高。在青春期、20岁出头、30岁后期和更年期，甲状腺比例最容易受到干扰，而这些年龄段也是女性甲状腺疾病最常见的年龄段。
The individual who suffers from one aspect of the progesterone (and/or thyroid) deficiency will tend to develop other problems at different times. With cyclic depressions or migraine headaches at age 22, there will possibly be breast disease later, and often there will be problems with pregnancy. These people with a history of sever symptoms are the ones most likely to have severe problems around menopause. Prenatal exposure to poorly balanced hormones seems to predispose the child to later hormone problems.
Excess stress (which can block progesterone synthesis and elevate estrogen) may bring on symptoms in someone who never had them. Spending a summer in Alaska, with an unusually long day, may relieve the symptoms of a chronic sufferer. Dark cloudy winters in England or the Pacific Northwest are powerful stressors, and cause lower production of progesterone in women, and testosterone in men. Toxins can produce similar symptoms, as can nutritional deficiencies. A very common cause of an estrogen excess is a dietary protein deficiency–the liver simply cannot detoxify estrogen when it is under-nourished.
With a diet high in protein (e.g., at least 70-100 grams per day, including eggs) and vitamin A (not carotene), I have found that the dose of progesterone can be reduced each month. Using thyroid will usually reduce the amount of progesterone needed. Occasionally, a woman won't feel any effect even from 100 mg. of progesterone; I think this indicates that they need to use thyroid and diet, to normalize their estrogen, prolactin, and cortisol.
患有黄体酮(和/或甲状腺)缺乏症的人往往会在不同的时间出现其他问题。如果在22岁时出现周期性抑郁或偏头痛，以后可能会有乳房疾病，而且经常会有怀孕问题。这些有严重症状的人是最有可能在更年期出现严重问题的人。产前暴露在激素不平衡的环境中，似乎会使孩子日后更容易出现激素问题。
过度的压力(可以阻止孕激素的合成，提高雌激素)可能会给那些从未有过这些症状的人带来症状。在阿拉斯加度过一个夏日，一天异常漫长，可能会缓解慢性病患者的症状。英格兰或太平洋西北部阴云密布的冬天是强大的压力源，导致女性孕酮和男性睾酮的分泌降低。毒素会产生类似的症状，营养不足也一样。导致雌性激素过多的一个常见原因是饮食中的蛋白质缺乏——当它营养不足时，肝脏根本无法为雌性激素排毒。
通过高蛋白质饮食(例如，每天至少70-100克，包括鸡蛋)和维生素a(不是胡萝卜素)，我发现孕酮的剂量每个月都可以减少。使用甲状腺通常会减少所需的孕酮量。有时候，即使服用100毫克，女性也感觉不到任何效果。孕酮;我认为这表明他们需要使用甲状腺和饮食，使他们的雌激素，催乳素和皮质醇正常。
Progesterone stimulates the ovaries and adrenals to produce progesterone, and it also activates the thyroid, so one dose can sometimes have prolonged effects. It shouldn't be necessary to keep using progesterone indefinitely, unless the ovaries have been removed. In slender post-menopausal women, 10 mg. per day is usually enough to prevent progesterone deficiency symptoms.
In a 10% solution of progesterone in vitamin E, one drop contains about three milligrams of progesterone. Normally, the body produces 10 to 20 milligrams per day. A dose of 3 or 4 drops usually brings the blood levels up to the normal range, but this dose can be repeated several times during the day if it is needed to control symptoms.
For general purposes, it is most economical and effective to take progesterone dissolved in vitamin E orally, for example taking a few drops on the lips and tongue, or rubbing it into the gums. (It is good for the general health of the gums.) These membranes are very thin, and the progesterone quickly enters the blood. When it is swallowed, the vitamin E allows it to be absorbed through the walls of the stomach and intestine, and it can be assimilated along with food, in the chylomicrons, permitting it to circulate in the blood to all of the organs before being processed by the liver. These droplets are smaller than red blood cells, and some physicians seem to forget that red blood cells pass freely through the liver.
For the topical treatment of sun damaged skin, or acne, wrinkles, etc. the oil can be applied directly to the affected area.
黄体酮刺激卵巢和肾上腺产生黄体酮，它也激活甲状腺，所以有时一剂可以有长期的影响。除非卵巢已经被切除，否则没有必要无限期地使用黄体酮。苗条的绝经后妇女，10毫克。通常一天就足以预防黄体酮缺乏症状。
在10%的维生素E黄体酮溶液中，一滴含有大约3毫克的黄体酮。正常情况下，身体每天会产生10到20毫克。通常情况下，3或4滴的剂量会使血液浓度上升到正常范围，但如果需要控制症状，一天中可以重复几次。
一般来说，口服溶解在维生素E中的孕酮是最经济和有效的，例如在嘴唇和舌头上滴几滴，或摩擦牙龈。(这对牙龈的整体健康有好处。)这些膜非常薄，黄体酮迅速进入血液。当它被吞咽时，维生素E允许它通过胃壁和肠壁被吸收，它可以与食物一起在乳糜微粒中被吸收，允许它在血液中循环到所有的器官，然后再被肝脏处理。这些液滴比红血球还小，有些医生似乎忘记了红血球可以自由地通过肝脏。
对于日晒损伤的皮肤，或痤疮、皱纹等的局部治疗，可以直接涂抹在受影响的区域。
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