Unsaturated Vegetable Oils: Toxic
不饱和植物油:有毒
by Raymond Peat
GLOSSARY:
Immunodeficiency (weakness of the immune system) can take many forms. AIDS, for example, refers to an immunodeficiency which is “acquired,” rather than “inborn.” Radiation and vegetable oils can cause “acquired immunodeficiency.” Unsaturated oils, especially polyunsaturates, weaken the immune system's function in ways that are similar to the damage caused by radiation, hormone imbalance, cancer, aging, or viral infections. The media discuss sexually transmitted and drug-induced immunodeficiency, but it isn't yet considered polite to discuss vegetable oil-induced immunodeficiency.
术语表:
免疫缺陷(免疫系统的缺陷)有很多种形式。例如，艾滋病指的是后天的免疫缺陷，而不是天生的。辐射和植物油会导致“获得性免疫缺陷”。不饱和油，尤其是多不饱和油，会削弱免疫系统的功能，其损害方式与辐射、激素失衡、癌症、衰老或病毒感染所造成的损害类似。媒体讨论性传播和药物引起的免疫缺陷，但讨论植物油引起的免疫缺陷还被认为是不礼貌的。
Unsaturated oils: When an oil is saturated, that means that the molecule has all the hydrogen atoms it can hold. Unsaturation means that some hydrogen atoms have been removed, and this opens the structure of the molecule in a way that makes it susceptible to attack by free radicals.
不饱和油:当一种油饱和时，这意味着它的分子含有它所能容纳的所有氢原子。不饱和意味着一些氢原子被移走了，这使得分子的结构在某种程度上容易受到自由基的攻击。
Free radicals are reactive molecular fragments that occur even in healthy cells, and can damage the cell. When unsaturated oils are exposed to free radicals they can create chain reactions of free radicals that spread the damage in the cell, and contribute to the cell's aging.
自由基是活性分子碎片，即使在健康的细胞中也会发生，并能破坏细胞。当不饱和油脂接触到自由基时，它们会产生自由基的连锁反应，在细胞内扩散损害，并导致细胞衰老。
Rancidity of oils occurs when they are exposed to oxygen, in the body just as in the bottle. Harmful free radicals are formed, and oxygen is used up.
当油暴露在氧气中时，就会发生酸败，就像在瓶子里一样。有害的自由基形成，氧气消耗殆尽。
Essential fatty acids (EFA) are, according to the textbooks, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and they are supposed to have the status of “vitamins,” which must be taken in the diet to make life possible. However, we are able to synthesize our own unsaturated fats when we don't eat the “EFA,” so they are not “essential.” The term thus appears to be a misnomer. [M. E. Hanke, “Biochemistry,” Encycl. Brit. Book of the Year, 1948.]
根据教科书，必需脂肪酸(EFA)是亚油酸和亚麻酸，它们被认为具有“维生素”的地位，必须在饮食中摄入才能使生命成为可能。然而，当我们不吃“脂肪酸”的时候，我们可以自己合成不饱和脂肪，所以它们不是“必需的”。因此，这个术语似乎是用词不当。[M。E.汉克，《生物化学》百科全书。英国人。年度最佳图书，1948年。]
Q: You say vegetable oils are hazardous to your health. What vegetable oils are you talking about?
Mainly, I'm referring to soybean oil, corn oil, safflower oil, canola, sesame oil, sunflower seed oil, palm oil, and any others that are labeled as “unsaturated” or “polyunsaturated.” Almond oil, which is used in many cosmetics, is very unsaturated.
问:你说植物油对你的健康有害。你说的是什么植物油?
我主要指的是豆油，玉米油，红花油，菜籽油，芝麻油，葵花籽油，棕榈油，以及其他任何标有“不饱和”或“多不饱和”的东西。许多化妆品中使用的杏仁油含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸。
Chemically, the material that makes these oils very toxic is the polyunsaturated fat itself. These unsaturated oils are found in very high concentrations in many seeds, and in the fats of animals that have eaten a diet containing them. The fresh oils, whether cold pressed or consumed as part of the living plant material, are intrinsically toxic, and it is not any special industrial treatment that makes them toxic. Since these oils occur in other parts of plants at lower concentration, and in the animals which eat the plants, it is impossible to eat a diet which lacks them, unless special foods are prepared in the laboratory.
从化学角度来说，使这些油具有毒性的物质是多不饱和脂肪本身。这些不饱和油在许多种子和吃了含有它们的食物的动物的脂肪中含量非常高。新鲜的油，无论是冷榨的还是作为活植物材料的一部分消费的，本质上是有毒的，并不是任何特殊的工业处理使它们有毒。由于这些油在植物的其他部位以较低的浓度存在，并且在以这些植物为食的动物中，除非在实验室中准备了特殊的食物，否则不可能吃到缺乏这些油的食物。
These toxic oils are sometimes called the “essential fatty acids” or “vitamin F,” but this concept of the oils as essential nutrients was clearly disproved over 50 years ago.
这些有毒的油有时被称为“必需脂肪酸”或“维生素F”，但这种油作为必需营养素的概念在50多年前就明显被证明是错误的。
Linoleic and linolenic acids, the “essential fatty acids,” and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are now fed to pigs to fatten them, in the form of corn and soy beans, cause the animals' fat to be chemically equivalent to vegetable oil. In the late 1940s, chemical toxins were used to suppress the thyroid function of pigs, to make them get fatter while consuming less food. When that was found to be carcinogenic, it was then found that corn and soy beans had the same antithyroid effect, causing the animals to be fattened at low cost. The animals' fat becomes chemically similar to the fats in their food, causing it to be equally toxic, and equally fattening.
“必需脂肪酸”亚油酸和亚麻酸，以及其他多不饱和脂肪酸，现在以玉米和大豆的形式喂给猪以使它们的脂肪在化学上等同于植物油。在20世纪40年代末，化学毒素被用来抑制猪的甲状腺功能，使它们在减少食物摄入的同时变胖。当发现玉米和大豆具有致癌作用时，又发现玉米和大豆具有相同的抗甲状腺作用，导致动物以低成本增肥。动物的脂肪在化学上变得与食物中的脂肪相似，导致它们同样有毒，同样令人发胖。
These oils are derived from seeds, but their abundance in some meat has led to a lot of confusion about “animal fats.” Many researchers still refer to lard as a “saturated fat,” but this is simply incorrect when pigs are fed soybeans and corn.
这些油来自种子，但它们在一些肉类中大量存在，导致人们对“动物脂肪”有很多误解。许多研究人员仍将猪油称为“饱和脂肪”，但当猪被喂食大豆和玉米时，这是完全错误的。
Q: How are these oils hazardous to your health?
Ultimately, all systems of the body are harmed by an excess of these oils. There are two reasons for this. One is that the plants produce the oils for protection, not only to store energy for the germination of the seed. To defend the seeds from the animals that would eat them, the oils block the digestive enzymes in the animals' stomachs. Digestion is one of our most basic functions, and evolution has built many other systems by using variations of that system; as a result, all of these systems are damaged by the substances which damage the digestive system.
问:这些油对你的健康有什么危害?
最终，身体的所有系统都会被过量的这些油脂所伤害。有两个原因。一是植物产生油是为了保护自己，而不仅仅是为了储存能量让种子发芽。为了保护种子不被动物吃掉，这些油会阻止动物胃里的消化酶。消化是我们最基本的功能之一，进化通过使用该系统的变体构建了许多其他系统;结果，所有这些系统都被破坏消化系统的物质所破坏。
The other reason is that the seeds are designed to germinate in early spring, so their energy stores must be accessible when the temperatures are cool, and they normally don't have to remain viable through the hot summer months. Unsaturated oils are liquid when they are cold, and this is necessary for any organism that lives at low temperatures. For example, fish in cold water would be stiff if they contained saturated fats. These oils easily get rancid (spontaneously oxidizing) when they are warm and exposed to oxygen. Seeds contain a small amount of vitamin E to delay rancidity. When the oils are stored in our tissues, they are much warmer, and more directly exposed to oxygen, than they would be in the seeds, and so their tendency to oxidize is very great. These oxidative processes can damage enzymes and other parts of cells, and especially their ability to produce energy.
另一个原因是，这些种子是在早春发芽的，所以它们的能量储存必须在温度较低的时候可以获得，而它们通常不需要在炎热的夏季保持活力。不饱和油在低温时是液态的，这对任何生活在低温下的生物都是必要的。例如，冷水中的鱼如果含有饱和脂肪就会变硬。这些油在受热和接触氧气时很容易腐臭(自发氧化)。种子含有少量维生素E以延缓其酸败。当油储存在我们的组织中时，它们比在种子中更温暖，更直接地暴露在氧气中，所以它们的氧化倾向非常大。这些氧化过程会破坏酶和细胞的其他部分，特别是它们产生能量的能力。
The enzymes which break down proteins are inhibited by unsaturated fats, and these enzymes are needed not only for digestion, but also for production of thyroid hormones, clot removal, immunity, and the general adaptability of cells. The risks of abnormal blood clotting, inflammation, immune deficiency, shock, aging, obesity, and cancer are increased. Thyroid and progesterone are decreased. Since the unsaturated oils block protein digestion in the stomach, we can be malnourished even while “eating well.”
分解蛋白质的酶被不饱和脂肪所抑制，而这些酶不仅是消化所必需的，也是产生甲状腺激素、清除血块、免疫和细胞的一般适应性所必需的。血凝异常、炎症、免疫缺陷、休克、衰老、肥胖和癌症的风险增加。甲状腺和黄体酮下降。因为不饱和油脂会阻碍蛋白质在胃里的消化，所以即使“吃得好”，我们也会营养不良。
Plants produce many protective substances to repel or injure insects and other animals that eat them. They produce their own pesticides. The oils in seeds have this function. On top of this natural toxicity, the plants are sprayed with industrial pesticides, which can concentrate in the seed oils.
植物产生许多保护性物质来击退或伤害吃它们的昆虫和其他动物。它们自己生产杀虫剂。种子中的油有这个功能。除了这种天然毒性之外，这些植物还被喷洒了工业杀虫剂，这些农药可以集中在种子油中。
It isn't the quantity of these polyunsaturated oils which governs the harm they do, but the relationship between them and the saturated fats. Obesity, free radical production, the formation of age pigment, blood clotting, inflammation, immunity, and energy production are all responsive to the ratio of unsaturated fats to saturated fats, and the higher this ratio is, the greater the probability of harm there is.
并不是这些多不饱和油的数量决定了它们的危害，而是它们和饱和脂肪之间的关系。肥胖、自由基的产生、年龄色素的形成、凝血、炎症、免疫和能量的产生都与不饱和脂肪和饱和脂肪的比例有关，这个比例越高，危害的可能性就越大。
There are interesting interactions between these oils and estrogen. For example, puberty occurs at an earlier age if estrogen is high, or if these oils are more abundant in the diet. This is probably a factor in the development of cancer.
这些油和雌激素之间有有趣的相互作用。例如，如果雌激素水平高，或者饮食中这些油更丰富，青春期会更早出现。这可能是癌症发展的一个因素。
All systems of the body are harmed by an excess of these oils. There are three main kinds of damage: one, hormonal imbalances, two, damage to the immune system, and three, oxidative damage.
身体的所有系统都受到这些油脂过量的伤害。主要有三种损伤:一是荷尔蒙失衡，二是免疫系统损伤，三是氧化损伤。
Q: How do they cause hormonal imbalances?
There are many changes in hormones caused by unsaturated fats. Their best understood effect is their interference with the function of the thyroid gland. Unsaturated oils block thyroid hormone secretion, its movement in the circulatory system, and the response of tissues to the hormone. When the thyroid hormone is deficient, the body is generally exposed to increased levels of estrogen. The thyroid hormone is essential for making the “protective hormones” progesterone and pregnenolone, so these hormones are lowered when anything interferes with the function of the thyroid. The thyroid hormone is required for using and eliminating cholesterol, so cholesterol is likely to be raised by anything which blocks the thyroid function. [B. Barnes and L. Galton, Hypothyroidism, 1976, and 1994 references.]
问:它们是如何导致激素失衡的?
不饱和脂肪引起激素的许多变化。人们最了解的效果是它们干扰了甲状腺的功能。不饱和油脂阻碍甲状腺激素的分泌，它在循环系统中的运动，以及组织对激素的反应。当甲状腺激素缺乏时，身体通常暴露在雌激素水平增加的环境中。甲状腺激素是产生“保护激素”孕酮和孕烯酮的关键，所以当任何东西干扰甲状腺功能时，这些激素就会降低。使用和消除胆固醇都需要甲状腺激素，所以任何阻碍甲状腺功能的东西都可能提高胆固醇。[B。Barnes and L. Galton, 1976, and 1994参考文献。
Q: How do they damage the immune system?
Vegetable oil is recognized as a drug for knocking out the immune system. Vegetable oil emulsions were used to nourish cancer patients, but it was discovered that the unsaturated oils were suppressing their immune systems. The same products, in which vegetable oil is emulsified with water for intravenous injection, are now marketed specifically for the purpose of suppressing immunity in patients who have had organ transplants. Using the oils in foods has the same harmful effect on the immune system. [E. A. Mascioli, et al.,Lipids 22(6) 421, 1987.] Unsaturated fats directly kill white blood cells. [C. J. Meade and J. Martin, Adv. Lipid Res., 127, 1978.]
问:它们是如何破坏免疫系统的?
植物油被认为是一种破坏免疫系统的药物。植物油乳剂曾被用来滋养癌症患者，但发现其中的不饱和油脂会抑制他们的免疫系统。同样的产品，即将植物油与水乳化用于静脉注射的产品，现在专门用于抑制器官移植病人的免疫力。在食物中使用油脂对免疫系统也有同样的有害影响。(E。陈志强，等，脂类化合物22(6)421,1987。不饱和脂肪直接杀死白细胞。）
Q: How do they cause oxidative damage?
Unsaturated oils get rancid when exposed to air; that is called oxidation, and it is the same process that occurs when oil paint “dries.” Free radicals are produced in the process.
This process is accelerated at higher temperatures. The free radicals produced in this process react with parts of cells, such as molecules of DNA and protein and may become attached to those molecules, causing abnormalities of structure and function.
问:它们是如何引起氧化损伤的?
不饱和油暴露在空气中会腐臭;这被称为氧化，这与油漆“干”时发生的过程相同。在这个过程中会产生自由基。
这个过程在较高的温度下会加速。在这个过程中产生的自由基与部分细胞发生反应，如DNA分子和蛋白质分子，并可能附着在这些分子上，导致结构和功能的异常。
Q: What if I eat only organically grown vegetable oils?
Even without the addition of agricultural chemicals, an excess of unsaturated vegetable oils damages the human body. Cancer can't occur, unless there are unsaturated oils in the diet. [C. Ip, et al., Cancer Res. 45, 1985.] Alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver cannot occur unless there are unsaturated oils in the diet. [Nanji and French, Life Sciences. 44, 1989.] Heart disease can be produced by unsaturated oils, and prevented by adding saturated oils to the diet. [J. K. G. Kramer, et al., Lipids 17, 372, 1983.]
问:如果我只吃有机植物油会怎样?
即使不添加农药，过量的不饱和植物油也会损害人体。癌症是不会发生的，除非饮食中含有不饱和油脂。[C。叶等，1985。[英语词汇除非饮食中含有不饱和油脂，否则就不会发生酒精性肝硬化。[Nanji和French，生命科学，44,1989.]心脏病可由不饱和油产生，并可通过在饮食中添加饱和油加以预防。[J。[j]。
Q. What oils are safe?
Coconut and olive oil are the only vegetable oils that are really safe, but butter and lamb fat, which are highly saturated, are generally very safe (except when the animals have been poisoned). Coconut oil is unique in its ability to prevent weight-gain or cure obesity, by stimulating metabolism. It is quickly metabolized, and functions in some ways as an antioxidant. Olive oil, though it is somewhat fattening, is less fattening than corn or soy oil, and contains an antioxidant which makes it protective against heart disease and cancer.
问:什么油是安全的?
椰子油和橄榄油是唯一真正安全的植物油，但黄油和羊肉脂肪是高度饱和的，通常是非常安全的(除非动物中毒)。椰子油的独特之处在于它能够通过刺激新陈代谢来防止体重增加或治疗肥胖。它代谢迅速，在某些方面具有抗氧化剂的功能。橄榄油虽然会使人发胖，但它比玉米油或大豆油更不容易使人发胖，而且它含有一种抗氧化剂，可以预防心脏病和癌症。
Israel had the world's highest incidence of breast cancer when they allowed the insecticide lindane to be used in dairies, and the cancer rate decreased immediately after the government prohibited its use. The United States has fairly good laws to control the use of cancer-causing agents in the food supply, but they are not vigorously enforced. Certain cancers are several times more common among corn farmers than among other farmers, presumably because corn “requires” the use of more pesticides. This probably makes corn oil's toxicity greater than it would be otherwise, but even the pure, organically grown material is toxic, because of its intrinsic unsaturation.
当以色列允许在乳制品中使用杀虫剂林丹时，它的乳腺癌发病率是世界上最高的，政府禁止使用林丹后，乳腺癌发病率立即下降。美国有相当好的法律来控制食品供应中致癌物质的使用，但这些法律并没有得到有力的执行。某些癌症在种植玉米的农民中比在其他农民中更常见，大概是因为玉米“需要”使用更多的杀虫剂。这可能会使玉米油的毒性比其他情况下更大，但即使是纯的、有机生长的材料也是有毒的，因为其内在的不饱和。
In the United States, lard is toxic because the pigs are fed large quantities of corn and soy beans. Besides the intrinsic toxicity of the seed oils, they are contaminated with agricultural chemicals. Corn farmers have a very high incidence of cancer, presumably because of the pesticides they use on their crop.
在美国，猪油是有毒的，因为猪被喂食大量的玉米和大豆。除了籽油本身的毒性外，它们还受到了农业化学物质的污染。种植玉米的农民患癌症的几率非常高，大概是因为他们在作物上使用了杀虫剂。
Q: But aren't “tropical oils” bad for us?
In general, tropical oils are much more healthful than oils produced in a cold climate. This is because tropical plants live at a temperature that is close to our natural body temperature. Tropical oils are stable at high temperatures. When we eat tropical oils, they don't get rancid in our tissues as the cold-climate seed oils, such as corn oil, safflower oil and soy oil, do. [R.B. Wolf, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 59, 230, 1982; R. Wolfe, Chem 121, Univ. of Oregon, 1986.]
问:但是“热带油”对我们不好吗?
一般来说，热带油比在寒冷气候中生产的油更健康。这是因为热带植物的生长温度接近我们的自然体温。热带油在高温下是稳定的。当我们食用热带油时，它们不会像寒冷气候下的种子油(如玉米油、红花油和豆油)那样在我们的组织中腐坏。[R.B.狼,j。石油化学。Soc. 59,230, 1982;李志刚，化学学报，1986。
When added to a balanced diet, coconut oil slightly lowers the cholesterol level, which is exactly what is expected when a dietary change raises thyroid function. This same increase in thyroid function and metabolic rate explains why people and animals that regularly eat coconut oil are lean, and remarkably free of heart disease and cancer.
当添加到均衡的饮食中，椰子油会稍微降低胆固醇水平，这正是当饮食改变提高甲状腺功能时所期望的。这种甲状腺功能和代谢率的增加解释了为什么经常吃椰子油的人和动物都是瘦的，而且明显没有心脏病和癌症。
Although I don't recommend “palm oil” as a food, because I think it is less stable than coconut oil, some studies show that it contains valuable nutrients. For example, it contains antioxidants similar to vitamin E, which lowers both LDL cholesterol and a platelet clotting factor. [B. A. Bradlow, University of Illinois, Chicago; Science News 139, 268, 1991.] Coconut oil and other tropical oils also contain some hormones that are related to pregnenolone or progesterone.
虽然我不推荐“棕榈油”作为一种食物，因为我认为它不如椰子油稳定，但一些研究表明它含有有价值的营养成分。例如，它含有与维生素E类似的抗氧化剂，可以降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血小板凝血因子。[B。A. Bradlow，伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校;科学新闻139 268 1991。椰子油和其他热带油也含有一些与孕烯醇酮或孕酮有关的激素。
Q: Isn't coconut oil fattening?
Coconut oil is the least fattening of all the oils. Pig farmers tried to use it to fatten their animals, but when it was added to the animal feed, coconut oil made the pigs lean [See Encycl. Brit. Book of the Year, 1946].
问：椰子油不会使人发胖吗?
椰子油是所有油中最不容易增肥的。养猪户试图用椰子油来给他们的动物增肥，但当椰子油被添加到动物饲料中时，椰子油会让猪变瘦。最佳书籍，1946年]。
Q: What about olive oil? Isn't it more fattening than other vegetable oils?
In this case, as with coconut oil, “fattening” has more to do with your ability to burn calories than with the caloric value of the oil. Olive oil has a few more calories per quart than corn or soy oil, but since it doesn't damage our ability to burn calories as much as the unsaturated oils do, it is less fattening. Extra virgin olive oil is the best grade, and contains an antioxidant that protects against cancer and heart disease. [1994, Curr. Conts.]
问:那橄榄油呢?它不是比其他植物油更容易使人发胖吗?
在这种情况下，就像椰子油一样，“增肥”更多地与你燃烧卡路里的能力有关，而不是与椰子油的热量值有关。橄榄油每夸脱的卡路里比玉米油或豆油多一些，但因为它不像不饱和油那样破坏我们燃烧卡路里的能力，所以它不那么容易使人发胖。特级初榨橄榄油是最好的等级，它含有一种抗氧化剂，可以预防癌症和心脏病。(1994年,续。)
Q: Is “light” olive oil okay?
No. Now and then someone learns how to make a profit from waste material. “Knotty pine” boards were changed from a discarded material to a valued decorative material by a little marketing skill. Light olive oil is a low grade material which sometimes has a rancid smell and probably shouldn't be used as food.
问:“轻”橄榄油可以吗?
不。偶尔会有人学习如何从废料中获利。通过一点营销技巧，“松节”板从一种废弃的材料变成了一种有价值的装饰材料。淡橄榄油是一种低级的材料，有时有一种腐臭的气味，可能不应该用作食物。
Q: Is margarine okay?
There are several problems with margarine. The manufacturing process introduces some toxins, including a unique type of fat which has been associated with heart disease. [Sci. News, 1974; 1991.] There are likely to be dyes and preservatives added to margarine. And newer products contain new chemicals that haven't been in use long enough to know whether they are safe.
However, the basic hardening process, hydrogenation of the oils, has been found to make the oils less likely to cause cancer. If I had to choose between eating ordinary corn oil or corn oil that was 100% saturated, to make a hard margarine, I would choose the hard margarine, because it resists oxidation, isn't suppressive to the thyroid gland, and doesn't cause cancer.
问:人造黄油可以吗?
人造黄油有几个问题。在制造过程中会引入一些毒素，包括一种与心脏病有关的独特脂肪。(科学。新闻,1974;1991.人造黄油中可能添加了染料和防腐剂。更新的产品含有新的化学物质，这些化学物质使用的时间还不够长，还不知道它们是否安全。
然而，基本的硬化过程，油的氢化，已被发现使油不太可能致癌。如果我必须在食用普通的玉米油和100%饱和的玉米油之间做出选择，我会选择坚硬的人造黄油，因为它能抗氧化，对甲状腺没有抑制作用，也不会导致癌症。
Q: What about butter?
Butter contains natural vitamin A and D and some beneficial natural hormones. It is less fattening than the unsaturated oils. There is much less cholesterol in an ounce of butter than in a lean chicken breast [about 1/5 as much cholesterol in fat as in lean meat on a calorie basis, according to R. Reiser of Texas A & M Univ., 1979.].
问:黄油怎么样?
黄油含有天然维生素A和D以及一些有益的天然激素。它比不饱和油更不容易使人发胖。一盎司黄油中的胆固醇含量要比一块瘦鸡胸肉低得多(根据1979年德克萨斯大学的R. Reiser的研究，按卡路里计算，脂肪中的胆固醇含量大约是瘦肉的1/5)。
Q: Are fish oils good for you?
Some of the unsaturated fats in fish are definitely less toxic than those in corn oil or soy oil, but that doesn't mean they are safe. Fifty years ago, it was found that a large amount of cod liver oil in dogs' diet increased their death rate from cancer by 20 times, from the usual 5% to 100%. A diet rich in fish oil causes intense production of toxic lipid peroxides, and has been observed to reduce a man's sperm count to zero. [H. Sinclair, Prog. Lipid Res. 25, 667, 1989.]
问:鱼油对你有好处吗?
鱼中的一些不饱和脂肪绝对比玉米油或豆油中的不饱和脂肪毒性小，但这并不意味着它们是安全的。50年前，人们发现狗的饮食中含有大量的鱼肝油，使它们的癌症死亡率增加了20倍，从通常的5%增加到100%。富含鱼油的饮食会产生大量的有毒脂质过氧化物，并被观察到会使男性的精子数量减少到零。(H。辛克莱,掠夺。脂质Res. 25, 667, 1989。
Q: What about lard?
In this country, lard is toxic beause the pigs are fed large quantities of corn and soy beans. Besides the natural toxicity of the seed oils, the oils are contaminated with agricultural chemicals. Corn farmers have a very high incidence of cancer, presumably because corn “requires” the use of more pesticides. This probably makes corn oil's toxicity greater than it would be otherwise. but even the pure, organically grown material is toxic, because of its unsaturation.
问:猪油呢?
在这个国家，猪油是有毒的，因为猪被喂食大量的玉米和大豆。除了籽油的天然毒性外，这些油还受到了农业化学品的污染。种植玉米的农民患癌症的几率非常高，大概是因为玉米“需要”使用更多的杀虫剂。这可能会使玉米油的毒性比其他情况更大。但是，即使是纯的、有机生长的物质，由于不饱和，也是有毒的。
Women with breast cancer have very high levels of agricultural pesticides in their breasts [See Science News, 1992, 1994].
患有乳腺癌的妇女的乳房中含有非常高水平的农业杀虫剂(参见科学新闻，1992,1994)。
Israel had the world's highest incidence of breast cancer when they allowed the insecticide lindane to be used in dairies, and the cancer rate decreased immediately after the government prohibited its use. The United States has fairly good laws to control the use of cancer-causing agents in the food supply, but they are not vigorously enforced. [World Incid. of Cancer, 1992]
当以色列允许在乳制品中使用杀虫剂林丹时，它的乳腺癌发病率是世界上最高的，政府禁止使用林丹后，乳腺癌发病率立即下降。美国有相当好的法律来控制食品供应中致癌物质的使用，但这些法律并没有得到有力的执行。[世界Incid。癌症,1992年)
Q: I have no control over oils when eating out. What can I do to offset the harmful effects of polyunsaturated oils?
A small amount of these oils won't kill you. It is the proportion of them in your diet that matters. A little extra vitamin E (such as 100 units per day) will take care of an occasional American restaurant meal. Based on animal studies, it would take a teaspoonful per day of corn or soy oil added to a fat-free diet to significantly increase our risk of cancer. Unfortunately, it is impossible to devise a fat-free diet outside of a laboratory. Vegetables, grains, nuts, fish and meats all naturally contain large amounts of these oils, and the extra oil used in cooking becomes a more serious problem.
问:外出就餐时，我对油没有控制。我能做什么来抵消多不饱和油的有害影响?
少量的这些油不会杀死你。重要的是它们在你饮食中的比例。少量额外的维生素E(比如每天100单位)就足够偶尔在美国餐馆吃一顿饭了。根据动物研究，每天在无脂饮食中加入一茶匙玉米油或大豆油，会显著增加我们患癌症的风险。不幸的是，在实验室之外是不可能设计出无脂饮食的。蔬菜、谷物、坚果、鱼类和肉类都天然含有大量的这些油，烹饪中使用的额外油成为一个更严重的问题。
Q Why are the unsaturated oils so popular if they are dangerous?
It's a whole system of promotion, advertising, and profitability.
50 years ago, paints and varnishes were made of soy oil, safflower oil, and linseed (flax seed) oil. Then chemists learned how to make paint from petroleum, which was much cheaper. As a result, the huge seed oil industry found its crop increasingly hard to sell. Around the same time, farmers were experimenting with poisons to make their pigs get fatter with less food, and they discovered that corn and soy beans served the purpose, in a legal way. The crops that had been grown for the paint industry came to be used for animal food. Then these foods that made animals get fat cheaply came to be promoted as foods for humans, but they had to direct attention away from the fact that they are very fattening. The “cholesterol” focus was just one of the marketing tools used by the oil industry. Unfortunately it is the one that has lasted the longest, even after the unsaturated oils were proven to cause heart disease as well as cancer. [Study at L.A. Veterans Hospital, 1971.]
I use some of these oils (walnut oil is very nice, but safflower oil is cheaper) for oil painting, but I am careful to wash my hands thoroughly after I touch them, because they can be absorbed through the skin.
问:如果不饱和油很危险，为什么它们如此受欢迎?
这是一个完整的促销、广告和盈利系统。
50年前，油漆和清漆是用大豆油、红花油和亚麻籽油制成的。然后化学家们学会了如何从石油中制造颜料，这要便宜得多。结果，巨大的籽油产业发现其作物越来越难以销售。大约在同一时期，农民们正在试验用毒药让他们的猪吃更少的食物变胖，他们发现玉米和大豆以合法的方式达到了这一目的。为油漆工业而种植的作物开始被用作动物食品。然后这些让动物变胖的食物被推广为人类食物，但它们必须转移人们的注意力，而不是它们很容易使人发胖的事实。对“胆固醇”的关注只是石油行业使用的营销工具之一。不幸的是，即使在不饱和油被证实会导致心脏病和癌症之后，它仍然是持续时间最长的一种。[在洛杉矶退伍军人医院的研究，1971年]
我用其中的一些油(核桃油很好，但是红花油更便宜)来画油画，但是我在触摸它们之后仔细地洗干净我的手，因为它们可以被皮肤吸收。
SUMMARY
总结
Unsaturated fats cause aging, clotting, inflammation, cancer, and weight gain.
不饱和脂肪促衰，凝血，发言，促癌，让人变肥。
Avoid foods which contain the polyunsaturated oils, such as corn, soy, safflower, flax, cottonseed, canola, peanut, and sesame oil.
Mayonnaise, pastries, even candies may contain these oils; check the labels for ingredients.
避免含PUFA的食物如玉米，大豆，红花油，亚麻籽，棉籽，菜籽油，花生和芝麻油。蛋黄酱，糕点还有糖果也可能含这些油，请仔细检查成分表。
Pork is now fed corn and soy beans, so lard is usually as toxic as those oils; use only lean pork.
现在猪肉是用玉米和大豆喂养的，所以猪油通常和这些油一样有毒;只吃猪瘦肉。
Fish oils are usually highly unsaturated; “dry” types of fish, and shellfish, used once or twice a week, are good.
Avoid cod liver oil.
鱼油通常是高度不饱和的;每周食用一到两次的“干”鱼类和贝类是不错的选择。
避免鱼肝油。
Use vitamin E.
补维生素E。
Use coconut oil, butter, and olive oil. 使用椰子油，黄油和橄榄油。
Unsaturated fats intensify estrogen's harmful effects.
不饱和脂肪会加重雌激素的有害作用。
Essential Fatty Acids (“EFA”): A Technical Point
必需脂肪酸(“EFA”):一个技术要点
Those fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid, which are found in linseed oil, soy oil, walnut oil, almond oil, corn oil, etc., are essential for the spontaneous development of cancer, and also appear to be decisive factors in the development of age pigment, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes, obesity, stress-induced immunodeficiency, some aspects of the shock reaction, epilepsy, brain swelling, congenital retardation, hardening of the arteries, cataracts, and other degenerative conditions. They are possibly the most important toxin for animals.
这些脂肪酸,如亚油酸和亚麻酸,在亚麻籽油、豆油、核桃油、杏仁油、玉米油,等等,对于癌症的自发发展至关重要,也似乎是决定性因素发展的老年斑,酒精性肝硬化、糖尿病、肥胖、应激性免疫缺陷、某些方面的休克反应、癫痫、脑肿胀、先天性发育迟缓、动脉硬化、白内障和其他退行性疾病。它们可能是动物最重要的毒素。
The suppression of an enzyme system is characteristic of toxins. The “EFA” powerfully, almost absolutely, inhibit the enzyme systems–desaturases and elongases–which make our native unsaturated fatty acids.
酶系统的抑制是毒素的特征。“脂肪酸”有力地几乎完全地抑制了酶系统——去饱和酶和延长酶——这是我们天生的不饱和脂肪酸。
After weaning, these native fats gradually disappear from the tissues and are replaced by the EFA and their derivatives. The age-related decline in our ability to use oxygen and to produce energy corresponds closely to the substitution of linoleic acid for the endogenous fats, in cardiolipin, which regulates the crucial respiratory enzyme, cytochrome oxidase.
断奶后，这些天然脂肪逐渐从组织中消失，取而代之的是脂肪酸及其衍生物。随着年龄的增长，我们使用氧气和产生能量的能力下降，这与心磷脂中内源性脂肪被亚油酸取代密切相关，心磷脂调节着关键的呼吸酶——细胞色素氧化酶。
Although the fish oils are less effective inhibitors of the enzymes, they are generally similar to the seed oils in their ability to promote cancer, age-pigment formation, free radical damage, etc. Their only special nutritional value seems to be their vitamin A and vitamin D content. Since vitamin A is important in the development of the eye, it is interesting that claims are being made for the essentiality of some of the fatty acid components of fish oil, in relation to the development of the eye.
虽然鱼油对酶的抑制作用较弱，但它们在促进癌症、衰老色素形成、自由基损伤等方面的能力与籽油大体相似。它们唯一特殊的营养价值似乎是维生素A和维生素D的含量。由于维生素A对眼睛的发育很重要，有趣的是，有人声称鱼油中的一些脂肪酸成分对眼睛的发育很重要。
The polyunsaturated oils from seeds are recommended for use in paints and varnishes, but skin contact with these substances should be avoided.
来自种子的多不饱和油脂推荐用于油漆和清漆，但皮肤应避免与这些物质接触。
REFERENCES
引用
3.“自由基在肝脏疾病和肝纤维化中的作用”，《国际肝病杂志》，41(4)，343-348,1994。
H. R. Hirsch, “The waste-product theory of aging: Cell division rate as a function of waste volume,” Mech. Ageing Dev. 36, 95-107, 1986.
老化的废物产物理论:细胞分裂率作为废物量的函数。老龄化发展。36,95-107,1986。
20.S. Kasayna等人，“成纤维细胞生长因子家族蛋白对转化雄激素依赖细胞的持续增殖所必需的不饱和脂肪酸”，癌症研究54(24)，6441-6445,1994。
30.自由基和脂质过氧化——它们是什么以及它们是如何形成的>，《人体天然抗氧化剂》，第1-24页，1994。
