抗衰生物黑客

00:20

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00:48

Now, before we jump into today's episode, I'd like to note that while I wish I could help everyone by my personal practice, there's simply not enough time for me to do this at scale. And that's why I've been busy building several passion projects to help you better understand, well, you. If you're looking for data about your biology, check out Function Health for real-time lab insights. 语法解析

01:06

And if you're in need of deepening your knowledge around your health journey, check out my membership community, the Hyman Hive. And if you're looking for curated and trusted supplements and health products for your health journey, visit my website at drhyman.com for my website store for a summary of my favorite and thoroughly tested products. I want to start with plasmapheresis because I think it's a really important innovative therapy. It's been around in medicine for decades for treating various kinds of diseases that are 语法解析

01:35

autoimmune diseases or neurologic diseases and it's very effective for those conditions. But it's only done in academic centers, it's only done for very rare cases, it's not part of traditional medicine, it's not reimbursed for general health. And yet there's incredible research on it around Alzheimer's, around long COVID, around longevity itself. So first, why don't you explain what was the origin of the science that kind of began to let us think about 语法解析

02:02

this particular medical procedure as a potential treatment for aging itself. Absolutely. So let's take the story way back to just even the ancient Romans, you know. They were using a technology that they called bloodletting. 语法解析

02:18

because they believed a lot of the bad stuff that causes some disease lives in the blood, and bloodletting, removing some of this blood, would minimize some of the symptoms of disease. And as we all know, this didn't really work or pan out because there's other things in blood that you really, really need. Although leeches have had a comeback in medicine for wound healing. Leeches are having a comeback. Because you put them on wounds that don't heal, and it makes two blood vessels. It does. It does. We use leeches a lot in surgery, actually. 语法解析

02:44

actually. It's a venous congestion and things. So I'm very familiar with leeches, but we're not talking leeches. But you're not doing trephination. You're not drilling holes in people's brains to let out the bad humors? No. So fast forward, apheresis was a technology that was developed to treat a disease called Waldron-Storm's disease, where you have immune complexes that make the blood too thick. 语法解析

03:06

and that thickening of the blood causes blockages in your blood vessels and people would die from this traditionally. And then some very smart scientists in IBM, I think, figured out how to actually separate the plasma from the blood cells. - What is plasma? 语法解析

03:23

So plasma is the fluid portion of your blood. It's 45% of your blood. And if you've ever seen someone do PRP, which is take some blood in a test tube and they put in a centrifuge and they spin it down, the blood will separate to a white layer on the top of the test tube and a red layer on the bottom. The red layer is your red blood cells and the white layer is your plasma on top. It's also your white cells, all your cells. 语法解析

03:47

Right. So basically you separate, it's the soup in which all of your cells in your blood flow around. So it's like the red cells, the white cells, the platelets. You take those out. Exactly. And you separate that from the soup. And, and the soup, what's in the soup? So, 语法解析

03:59

So the soup is where all of the… In other words, what's in the plasma? Exactly. What's in the plasma, right? So this is where all your cells are living, and this is what they're exposed to on a day-to-day basis. It's the growth factors. It is cell signaling molecules. It's nutrients. It's a lot of the factors of your immune system live in this soup. So it's basically where all the signaling in your body kind of lives inside of this plasma. And what's 语法解析

04:24

good about it is that it carries these signals throughout your entire body. So if you have something going on in your gut, your brain can hear about it. If you have something going on in your heart, your gut hears about it. - So it's the communication superhighway. - Exactly. One of the functions it has is being a communication superhighway for your entire body. - And so there are all these molecules in there that are regulating all these things. - Exactly. - So why do we then wanna 语法解析

04:50

kind of take out that plasma, throw it in the garbage, and put in a replacement fluid called albumin. Like, what's bad in there? Because what you just said sounds good. Right, right, right, exactly. So let's take it back a little bit more also to the convoys with the parabiosis experiment. I think that's interesting to talk about, where they hook up a young mouse to an old mouse. 语法解析

05:09

And they found that the old mouse got younger and the young mouse got older. And so for a decade, people were looking for like, what is the substance in the young mouse that makes the old mouse younger? And so they did all these studies and substances like GDF11, TNF, and nothing really panned out. And then 10 years later, there's a story. I think it's a true story, but I hear it all because I hear it all the time. Someone at a conference went up to ask a question to the scientist doing all the research on this. And they kind of 语法解析

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knocked on the microphone and they said, 语法解析

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You know, I think you guys are looking at the wrong mouse. It's not what's in the old mouse. It's not what's in the young mouse making the old mouse younger. It's the opposite. It's what you're taking out of the old mouse. So it turns out inner plasma is also where all the cytokines and all the signaling molecules that lead to inflammation accumulate, right? It turns out that's where all of the toxins that we're exposed to also accumulate. It turns out where senescent cells, the SASP, 语法解析

06:08

The negative products that senescent cells secrete also live in our plasma. The zombie cells, which are part of the hallmarks of aging, which are essentially these phenomena that happen. These cells that don't die, but just become… 语法解析

06:21

zombie cells that then secrete all these inflammatory molecules that make us age faster. - Exactly. So if you look at all the root causes of aging, most of the molecules that signal the root causes of aging live in our plasma, from inflammation to toxin buildup to senescent cells, all of that is– - Damaged proteins. - In our plasma. 语法解析

06:41

- Because one of the other things– - Damaged proteins, exactly. - One of the other hallmarks of aging is damaged proteins. - Exactly. - And so all these damaged proteins just float around and they create more problems, more inflammation, more dysfunction, and we sort of degrade and our resilience decreases and we age faster biologically. - Exactly, exactly. 语法解析

07:00

It goes to reason from there that if this is all living in your plasma and your body's unable to eliminate this with its own elimination mechanisms, what if we just remove the plasma? And so some very smart people started doing experiments using a technology that's been in hospitals for literally five or six decades. It's FDA approved. We've been using it, like you said. I've been a doctor for 41 years, so I know I'm 语法解析

07:21

I remember it even back then. - Right, right. You use it a lot. And even for drug overdoses, 'cause that lives in your plasma too. And it works, it's FDA approved, it's super safe. We've been using it forever. And it just highlights, there's so much incredible technology locked up in the sick care system that if we just bring it back 30, 40 years, you could eliminate chronic disease. This is one of those technologies. 语法解析

07:46

The treatment, like you've experienced it, is super comfortable. You just basically sit there with an IV in your arm and your blood is removed like about 200 cc's at a time. So it's a small volume put through this giant centrifuge. The plasma separated from the red blood cells. Red blood cells go back into you through the same IV or a different IV. And then you get a big bag of plasma that's basically thrown away. And inside of that, we basically eliminated one entire plasma volume of all of these negative factors that have been built up over time. 语法解析

08:15

So you then throw the stuff out. And has anybody actually studied what's in there? People are. When you get the stuff, it's like when you get an oil change, your car, you throw out the old oil. What's in that? 语法解析

08:29

It's the same things that you measure when you do a blood test. Like, you know, with the function health blood test, you get a lot of biomarkers and blood results basically back. And you're basically measuring those whenever you do a blood test. It's the same stuff, but you're just totally removing it and you're throwing it away, right? And so I think people haven't really looked exactly like at the discarded plasma. People are looking at it right now. It'd be fascinating to do. Like, what are the toxins in there? What are the immune cells, cytokines? What are the… 语法解析

08:58

senescent cells in there? What's going on that we're taking out? - Yeah, and basically it's all being removed, exactly. And so we've actually done a lot of patients now and we've measured their 语法解析

09:10

total toxicity levels in their urine, all the toxins. We measure things like mycotoxins. We measure exposure to heavy metals. We're measuring exposure to even like microplastics and all of these toxins. And we've seen significant reductions in before and after treatment toxin levels. So we know toxins are in the plasma. And when you remove them, your body… 语法解析

09:34

your body gets a chance to catch up, right? Now it's able to say, whew, I've lost a lot of the stuff I'm working overtime to remove and it gets a chance to clean up. And like you said, it's like an oil change for the body. Like, you know, for all of us that have had cars forever, we know that if you don't do an oil change every three to 5,000 miles, your car's not gonna run as well. Well, your body's the exact same way. Yeah. 语法解析

09:55

It's interesting. I read a study recently that came out of Germany where they used plasmapheresis for long COVID. Absolutely. And what was interesting was they looked at a lot of people who have long COVID have autoantibodies against their autonomic nervous system. 语法解析

10:08

which regulates all the things that are sort of automatic in your body, you know, all the parasympathetic, sympathetic nervous system. And it basically affects your blood vessels in many ways and your blood pressure regulation. And a lot of people have, with long COVID, they have what they call POTS, which is, you know, they get postural hypotension, they stand up, they get dizzy, they… 语法解析

10:29

They have all these other cognitive symptoms. There's all these other cytokine markers and antibodies. And they were able to actually measure them before and after the plasmapheresis. And it showed significant reduction or elimination of these and improvement clinically in these patients with long COVID. And the stats are always variable about how many people have long COVID, but it's probably 5% to 10% of people had COVID. And I think it might be more. I mean, how many hundreds of millions of Americans had COVID? You 语法解析

10:55

You take 10% of that, it's still 20 million people. A lot of people don't even know they have it. Yeah, and it's like a little brain fog, not feeling as good, just not as good as they were before COVID. And what's even more frightening, as I was talking to Jeremy Nicholson, who's been on the podcast, who's a phenomic researcher from Australia, who's doing deep phenomics, which means looking at all these, not just the regular blood tests, but metabolomics and cytokines and thousands and thousands of proteins and molecules. And he says everybody who's had COVID has something going on. 语法解析

11:23

Like they're all a little out of whack in terms of their immune system, inflammatory system. Like my wife says, I never used to get sick. Now I get sick more because I have COVID. So, you know, I think plasmapheresis is a fascinating treatment for that. And I think it has a lot of promise. 语法解析

11:40

As a doctor, I've seen how chronic stress impacts nearly every system in the body, from sleep to mood, energy, and even inflammation. But what many people don't realize is that stress often depletes a critical mineral your body needs to feel calm and at ease, and that is magnesium. And not just one kind. Your body actually requires seven different forms of magnesium to function optimally. 语法解析

11:58

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12:32

Stem cells have two functions. One is to stop renew and the other is to differentiate and turn into all types of tissue. So the analogy I like is kind of think of it like a, you know, like a master key and that master key can replicate itself and then it can, you know, open up like different doors or it can divide and clone itself and then open up other doors that way. And so if that's a function of a stem cell in theory, then it should be able to repair tissue and 语法解析

13:01

fix things in your body when we put them there. But it turns out when we take stem cells in the test tube and then when, and versus when we put them in your body, they behave differently. So it's not as simple as we thought. And, and there's very, and there's a lot of different types of stem cells. So. So stem cells are one of the big categories of regenerative medicine. That's one of them. Right. 语法解析

13:21

And so, so keep, keep going around that. I'm just sort of contextualize it because there's a lot of other compounds that are used besides. And even, but even in stem cells, I mean, you can just do a whole podcast just literally about that because stem cells are such an in-depth concept, but at a very high level, what people need to understand is just when you take, when you take something from your own body, like for example, if you go to the U S right now, there's a lot of stem cell clinics that 语法解析

13:46

but they're not actually true stem cells because if you're just taking your bowel marrow or your fat and then you're just isolating that and injecting it, it doesn't actually have the ability to turn into new tissue, but it does have an ability to reduce inflammation. And so a better term for it that Arnold Kaplan, who's the guy who coined the term mesenchymal stem cells in 1992, he's the guy who coined it. He wrote a paper about this, but basically he said that these things should be called committed stem cells. 语法解析

14:14

regenerative cells which is a fancy word for just saying that they can't turn into new tissue but they can reduce inflammation uh which is still which can still be useful in some conditions but it's just misleading because a lot of patients are like oh yeah i got stem cell injections it's like well it wasn't really a stem cell per se it was more just something to reduce inflammation because it's not because whenever remember the definition of a stem cell is something that can actually regenerate new tissue and if you're just taking your fat or your bone marrow and injecting it 语法解析

14:41

That's not regenerating your tissue through the mechanism of that stem cell. It may send signals to your own body stem cells to help with some regeneration, but for the most part, it's an anti-inflammatory process. 语法解析

14:52

i and so that's that's the number one thing to understand about these and this is we're talking about the broader category of mesenchymal stem cells uh which is just you know an embryological term uh but essentially what it means is this is from you know these the reason we use mesenchymal stem cells because they're the easiest to source because they're in the fat they're in the bone marrow from the milk before tissue or dental pulp there's so many different sources now uh but that's the reason why mscs or with eckermost themselves are so popular 语法解析

15:20

And the other reason is because the zecamo stem cells have a finite ability to differentiate, which means they won't cause tumors or cancer. Of course, that's always been a concern with embryonic stem cells, which if you're taking them from a cordage fetus, which some clinics still do. And obviously, during the Bush era, there was a lot of controversy around that. And that's why stem cells kind of got categorized into this unethical thing. 语法解析

15:43

But that's not how we're sourcing our stem cells. We're sourcing them, obviously, we're not harming any babies and they're being sourced from C-section births after, and some instead of being thrown away, they're donated. There's a very simple 语法解析

15:56

collection process. But the problem with the mesenchymal stem cells, as we said, is first of all, there's a lot of clinics saying that they're taking a fat bone marrow and playing with stem cells. Let's say you go offshore somewhere and they can isolate them and then they can do what's called culture expansion, which means they can grow them and they can replicate them. So then they can actually have some sort of dose that can be a therapeutic and potentially regenerate tissue in theory. But then 语法解析

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What happened, it turns out, when you take these stem cells, whether from any of these sources, when you put them in the body, most of them don't survive. And when you do them intravenously, most of them get trapped in the lungs and die. And that's why the results have been very inconsistent. And that's why stem cells haven't taken off the way we thought they would 10, 15 years ago. And that's why the clinical trials have been so mixed. And so, unfortunately, there's still a lot of clinics 语法解析

16:50

claiming that we can regenerate tissue. It's just misleading because, and even I thought this, which is that I thought IV stem cells were great, but turns out a lot of them just get caught in the lungs and most of them die. And even with that, you still get some people who can benefit. And that's the old generation technology. But now we can isolate, we can 语法解析

17:10

we can isolate the best stem cell population and use that one. So it turns out that when we take a stem cell, a mesenchymal stem cell, there's actually 17 subtypes, which is kind of crazy to think about it. So it's like there's something called single cell RNA sequencing, which is basically to look at 语法解析

17:29

gene expression of individual cell profiles. So that way you can see how different cells behave and then you can see that, hey, there's actually these 17 different groups that they hang out together and they behave differently. And some of them are more useless and some of them are more useful. So we don't necessarily want all 17 subtypes, which is what most of them do. And that's what we were doing up until a year ago. But as you know, I spent the summer in Japan and in Japan, 语法解析

17:55

They won the Nobel Prize for regenerative medicine, Professor Yamanaka, for cellular reprogramming, in which we can talk about those stem cells. But there was another professor, Professor Mary DeZawa, who discovered something called new cells, which stands for multilineage differentiating stress-enduring cells. So it was a mouthful. 语法解析

18:15

All you need to remember, our people, is that these are cells. The Muse. The Muse. The Muse is the coolest stuff. They're able to, they're pluripotent, which means they can differentiate into all 220 cell types in our body or over 200 cell types. And they are stress enduring, which means they can survive harsh environments. So that's really the key. So they don't die instantly. 语法解析

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when they go in the body. So we can isolate these using cell sorting technology and filter them out so that we're injecting primarily new stem cells 语法解析

18:48

instead of just injecting all the different types of stem cells. And so that's now what we've moved on to. And of course, we talked earlier about your back, and that's what we use for you. And that's what we're using exclusively just because the results are so much more consistent and the science makes a lot of sense. And I'm in the process of doing some clinical work with Professor Dozawa as well. And we want to investigate these new cells for a lot of different conditions. But in Japan, they've already published files for ALS or 语法解析

19:14

heart attacks, for stroke. And these are not easy to treat conditions. And with intravenous new cells, you do see benefits. And of course, we're seeing that in the real world, treating patients with all sorts of degenerative conditions and actually seeing a real difference. And that's just because these cells are actually surviving and doing what they are meant to do, which is reduce inflammation, 语法解析

19:36

repair cellular function, reduce oxidase drastically. We know one of the biggest mechanisms by which they work is through mitochondrial DNA transfer and mitophagy, which is preparing damaged mitochondria. And I think everyone now knows the mitochondria are so important, not just for energy, but for regulating cellular metabolism and aging. So that's why there's so much interest in this space for longevity and not just for the conditions. 语法解析

20:00

And so those are mesenchymal stem cells. And then there's also induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSC. And that's the Yamanaka stem cells where you can take any old cell 语法解析

20:12

and you can make it young again. So of course, when you think about that, you're like, holy, wow, that's great. Shouldn't everyone be doing this? But it turns out when you make that old cell young again, it makes it almost embryonic in nature, which means it can cause cancer or tumors. So iPSCs, as they're called, or Yamanaka stem cells, to honor Professor Yamanaka, they're great, but the problem is they have the risk of tumorgenicity 语法解析

20:35

And so we don't actually use them clinically yet. There's a lot of work being done on it, but it's still, I think, a few years away from clinical translation. So that's why the new cells, because we know they don't cause cancer and we know they're naturally occurring in the body. So they have a lot more clinical translation than the office themselves. So these are basically these different kinds of stem cells. And most of the kind in the first generation seems like they were getting 语法解析

21:00

you know, an anti-inflammatory effect, but they might not be doing the full effect we had thought they might and why there was variable results. And they get trapped in the lungs. The mu cells seem to be stress resistant. So they hang out more, they have time to do their job more, and they have the ability to actually work in a different way because they're not sort of 语法解析

21:21

chewed up so fast and these don't get also trapped in the lungs. They are resistant to that. Yeah. So about 10 to 15 times more are able to go into circulation. So there is still some that get trapped in the lungs, but Professor Gisela was showing work showing that it's not like two times more, we're talking an order of magnitude, like 10 times more are able to go into circulation. So it is still a big difference compared to standard MSC. 语法解析

21:46

And, you know, there's two kind of uses, as you mentioned. One is injecting it into a joint or a back or some damaged traumatic tissue. 语法解析

21:58

or injecting them intravenously for systemic effects around really things like ALS or stroke. Those are really, like you said, almost impossible to treat problems. And what kinds of results are they seeing when they do these systemic treatments? What are the kinds of conditions where it might be applicable for? Yeah. Look, I just had an ALS patient I treated a couple of weeks ago and I was blown away because it was my first ALS patient I treated with new cells and she couldn't swallow because of the bulbar symptoms, you know? 语法解析

22:26

And now she can swallow, she can speak really, she was barely able to speak before. And that was just one IV. And it was pretty incredible to see. Obviously that's anecdotal, but the clinical trial that was done also showed some slowing of progression. And we all know how devastating ALS is. And if you can, something that people would get on again, I think we just don't know the exact dosing for ALS yet, but I think for now, I think we can certainly say it can be helpful and it's not harmful. And then for stroke, we can be much more 语法解析

22:56

much more kind of certain that they are going to have positive results because in stroke, for example, she showed that 30% of patients in the clinical trial were able to go back to full-time work when they were disabled. Like we're talking patients who are disabled, right? 语法解析

23:11

And so imagine. So are you saying if someone's in a wheelchair and can't move the side of their arm. Exactly. Is that walking? Yeah, exactly. And they go back to full-time work. So now 30% of people and the other 70% still had significant clinical benefits and were able to get, you know, they weren't necessarily able to return to work. A lot of them were able to get back to like normal functioning of ADLs and IADLs and stuff like that. Which is the activity of daily living. And you know what the most interesting part was? 语法解析

23:36

25% of the patients in the clinical trial had reversal gray hair. And that was just like an accidental thing. That's amazing. Yeah. 语法解析

23:47

That's wild. So what other kinds of conditions might this be able to form? Immune diseases? Lung disease? You almost sound like a used carcinogen or something when you're like, this can treat everything. But once you understand the physiology of chronic disease, as you do, you understand that there's certain hallmarks of aging. 语法解析

24:09

and there's hallmarks of chronic disease that overlap. So I'm not going to list all 12 of them because I'll bore people, but there's basically 12 hallmarks of AJ. We've listed a few of them, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, chronic inflammation, which is related to amino-sensitivity and there's loss of protein, like there's so many protein misfolding, there's so many other ones. And so basically 语法解析

24:33

these 12, let's call them the 12 hallmarks, they actually underlie not just aging, which is arguably the most complex chronic disease. They underlie all chronic diseases from 语法解析

24:45

from heart disease to asthma to dementia to cancer even, and components of that that are overlying. And a lot of them are metabolic in nature. And so that's why these stem cells have this ability to restore metabolic health because of that mitochondrial DNA transfer and helping to repair the mitochondria through mitophagy. And then, of course, the mitochondria are the ones that help to regulate metabolism, right? That's where they have… 语法解析

25:14

When you eat food and your body has to process it, it has to go through your mitochondria to produce energy. And if your mitochondria aren't working properly, which is what happens to everyone with aging and chronic disease, then guess what? Your metabolism is messed up. That's why metabolic disease is really the root cause of so many problems. And that's why they call dementia diabetes and all this other stuff, right? Because a lot of them are metabolic in nature. 语法解析

25:37

And if you can restore metabolic health, which stem cells can do, then that's why you can treat the many chronic diseases. And that's number one. And number two, the other beauty of these stem cells is their ability to regulate your immune system. 语法解析

25:50

So this is called immunomodulation. That's a medical term, but that just basically means we're shifting your body from a pro-inflammatory state to an anti-inflammatory state. So this is called immunomodulation, which is reprogramming your immune cells, specifically your macrophages. And if there's one cell that you need to understand, it's your macrophages. You're probably… 语法解析

26:11

They're my favorite cell in the body. You're like little Pac-Man. They go and chew up all the stuff that shouldn't be there, right? Exactly. So they're like your little Pac-Man controlling and surveilling and making sure the bad guys don't get in. They eat the bad guys when they're around. They take them away and they'll dispose of them. 语法解析

26:30

But what happens to a lot of Pac-Men or police officers are like columnists, they get fat and tired. And then they start eating too many donuts and they can't do their job anymore. And this is actually called lipid associated macrophages or LAMPs. 语法解析

26:45

And so they accumulate fat and lipid perioxidation inside of the macrophage, and then they can't do their job anymore, and their job is so important. And then they start releasing the wrong signals. So the macrophages start releasing co-inflammatory signals. 语法解析

27:00

And then that causes the cycle of chronic inflammation. And that's really the root, as we know, of so many disease processes. And that's why if you can treat chronic inflammation, you can treat so many different chronic diseases. And that's why these IV new cells have so much potential. And even with IV… 语法解析

27:15

Let's start with the first generation. Even with the IVF first generation stem cells, there are clinical trials that are published showing that inflammatory bowel disease can get into remission, that rheumatoid artery can get into remission. It's just the dosing is quite high and people need a lot of frequency of those. But with the new cells, you can get, obviously, you can get a lot better results. But it's the same principle, which is you're just regulating the dosing. 语法解析

27:38

That's incredible. Yeah. So for autoimmune disease and for chronic inflammatory age-related diseases, for just rejuvenation and longevity itself, these can seem to be helpful. One of the things I'd love you to explain is how does themselves work? Because you kind of alluded to the fact that they don't actually work as we thought they did, which is you inject them and then they go, if you have a liver problem, they become a liver cell. Or if you have a kidney problem, become a kidney cell. They just have certain compounds inside of them that go out and 语法解析

28:08

Yeah. So mesenchymal stem cells primarily work. Let me just, before you kind of go into that, mesenchymal, for everybody listening, that's a big word. It means just your body's tissue. What the other kind of stem cells come from umbilical cords or from embryos. We're not doing embryos at all. We're talking mostly about umbilical cord blood that actually has 语法解析

28:33

basically baby stem cells as opposed to mine, which are like almost 65, right? So, and they're not as antigenic. In other words, they don't tend to cause this foreign reaction. Like if you were to take, I was taking your stem cells, I'd have a rejection of those stem cells as part of my biology because we don't like foreign stuff. But with these kind of umbilical cord cells, it's not like that. So you can use these umbilical cord, use stem cells to actually 语法解析

29:00

kind of bypass that thing, but actually have the benefit of these younger stem cells, right? Yeah, exactly. Unfortunately, using your own stem cells, there's many reasons not to, but the biggest one is definitely they've gone through a lot of replicative stress because they've gone through their own aging process. And so they can actually have markers of senescence and other even cancer markers as you get older. So you don't want to take your own stem cells and put them in your body, especially if you're over age 40. But 语法解析

29:28

But anyway, yeah, back to the point about what these stem cells are doing inside of your body. The mesenchymal stem cells are primarily reducing inflammation via what's called the secretome. So the secretome is kind of the soup that the stem cells grow in or release and their signals. So there's micro RNAs, there's what are called cytokines, which are these proteins that help to reduce inflammation. There's growth factors. So this is all what's called the secretome. 语法解析

29:57

depending on what type of secretum the stem cells are releasing dictates their ability to change the microenvironment and help with these different cellular processes. So for example, 语法解析

30:09

the secretome of a stem cell from your own body isn't going to be as good as a secretome from umbilical cord tissue. And you can probably understand that intuitively because it's like, oh yeah, it makes sense. My cells are old. They've gone through X amount of cell damage versus umbilical cord tissue, which doesn't. And that's why exosomes are such a hot topic because if most of the benefits of the zecumel stem cells are due to the signaling process, 语法解析

30:35

then why not just isolate those signals and inject those? And that's what the exosome does. Okay, so hold there for a sec. There's stuff that the stem cells secrete, right? That's why it's called the secretome or secretome, which is, I hear you, brother, right? There's stuff that it squirts out basically in its environment that goes out and does all these good things. And what you're saying is that inside of the stem cells, there are these little vesicles, these little packets of healing factors called exosomes. 语法解析

31:05

and they're maybe where most of the benefit comes from, from the stem cells. 语法解析

31:11

you can actually take the exosomes out of the stem cells. You grow the stem cells in a lab, you remove the exosomes, you can concentrate them. They don't have any DNA material. They're much safer, they're less expensive, and then you can use them also. So now explain to us what are exosomes? Because that's another part of this whole field of regenerative medicine. We kind of sort of basically skirted the surface of stem cells. I hope you got a good sense of that, but I want to get into a few other things. So exosomes are the next topic and let's kind of explore what are exosomes 语法解析

31:40

How do we use them and why do they work? 语法解析

31:42

Yeah. I mean, you kind of just said the definition, which is they're a type of extracellular vesicle, which are just packages by which your cell communicates with other cells. So they help with cell-to-cell communication. And there's different types of extracellular vesicles. So there's something called apoptotic bodies. There's something called MVBs, which are microvesicle bundles. And then there's exosomes, which are the smallest type of extracellular vesicles. So extracellular vesicle, or EVs, is kind of the class. 语法解析

32:11

And then there's different types of EVs and exosomes are the smallest type of EVs. 语法解析

32:16

and they're basically to help facilitate cell-to-cell communication, which interestingly changes as you age. So exosomes are also becoming a hot topic in diagnostics because it turns out the exosome profile of your cells, as they become cancerous or as they become chronic diseases, you can detect certain exosome products because we didn't have this technology five years ago. And now we do. And now we can figure out, hey, the signals your cells are sending are changing. This means that you might be developing this problem. 语法解析

32:45

So that's why exosomes are becoming a hot topic in diagnostics too. And then of course in intervention or therapeutics, then it makes sense because like we said, it's all about the signals that are being sent by the stem cells that dictate their ability to modulate or change the cells in a favorable way. And now… 语法解析

33:05

the exosomes can be isolated in a lot of different ways. Previously, it can only be done through, you know, ultra centrifugation of cells that are replicating. So you have to have cells that are replicating, but now that technology is improving so that you can actually get exosomes from terminally differentiated cells. So meaning even if they're not replicating, you can basically homogenization, which is basically like, you know, you're blending, you know how you blend like fruit to get like the 语法解析

33:35

pulp out and the juice. It's like taking the juice, basically, of tissue. And that's the exosome. So you can do that now with any tissue. So for example, there's people working on natural killer exosomes, dendritic cell exosomes, exosomes from liver, from muscle. So there's so many interesting exosome products being worked on. There's 290… 语法解析

33:55

or 281 patents, something like that, on exosomes in the last couple years. So there's different kinds of exosomes. That comes with the scale. There's different kinds of exosomes. Oh yeah. So that tells you the scale though. Over 200 patents on just exosomes alone in the last couple years. So that tells you the scale and the magnitude of research that's happening right now. It's quite amazing that we've kind of 语法解析

34:17

gone this long in medicine without really taking a hard look at peptides in a conventional way. Now, there are things that people know of as peptides that you don't even know are peptides, right? Like insulin is a peptide. Exactly. Ozempic is now the sort of blockbuster drug of the day. And that's a peptide. That's a peptide. Glutathione is a peptide. Glutathione is a peptide, yeah. So there's a lot of compounds that we use in medicine that are peptides. 语法解析

34:44

It's probably over 7,000 produced by the body, right? Actually, technically 300,000. 300,000. Okay, I was off by a few thousand. But we only understand a fraction of it. And outside in nature, there's, I think, I estimate about 6 million peptides out there. That's incredible. 6 million. I mean, a lot from venoms and from animals and 语法解析

35:06

- Not in human peptides, but other peptides. - Oh yeah, dairy and there's really amazing spiders and just interesting creatures. Nature has a lot of wealth of them. - As a functional medicine doctor, 语法解析

35:20

And in regenerative medicine, I really love the idea of using bioidentical molecules to support the body to do what it's supposed to do. Oh, definitely. Yeah. So the drug is essentially a new-to-nature molecule that interferes or interrupts or blocks some pathway in the body. And there's usually downstream side effects. Peptides also can have side effects when used in pharmacological doses, like we're seeing with Ozempic. 语法解析

35:46

But these are biomolecules that have, we've evolved over millennia that regulate everything that's happening in our body. So they're getting a lot of kind of play in the longevity space to optimize cognitive health, to rejuvenate your skin, to help with tissue repair, to improve sexuality, vitality, longevity. So kind of take us from the top down. What are peptides? How do they work in the body? And how can they be used to treat disease, 语法解析

36:14

optimize his health and rejuvenate our biology. You did a great explanation of peptides, but the way I explain to my patients, Mark, is that 语法解析

36:24

Peptides are signaling molecules, they're miniature proteins, small little proteins that are made of amino acids. And unfortunately, the FDA has this arbitrary just made a clarification that under 40 amino acids is considered a peptide, over 40 is a biologic, and then over 100 amino acids traditionally has been considered a protein. Yeah. So it's the length of basically how many amino acids are put together. 语法解析

36:50

And like I said, the body makes 300,000 peptides. We only understand a fraction of it. And anyway, it's really fun to read the research that's out there. And I just, I explained that 语法解析

37:07

peptides to my patient is a signaling molecule. It's short acting and it's like a doorbell ringing, someone ringing your doorbell. That's a peptide and a reaction is going to happen. Either your dog's going to bark or someone's going to answer the door. 语法解析

37:22

So if you give a peptide to basically help your immune system, like thymosin alpha-1, that's going to stimulate your immune system work better. So that's a natural peptide produced by your thymus gland. And as you know, Mark, it's thyroid and thymus. Patients always get confused. But it sits in your chest and 语法解析

37:42

between your lungs in front of your heart. And I have some… Sweetbreads, if you like veal, sweetbreads. When you go to a restaurant, you chance your restaurant, they have great sweetbreads. That's what it is. Your thymus gland. I didn't know that. You didn't know that? No, no. I should order some sweetbread. I wonder if eating it is actually good. I mean, if you get any TA1 or peptides from eating it after it's cooked, I don't know. Well, 语法解析

38:04

Well, they did a study, you probably read, that basically they gave human growth hormone and metformin DHEA and the thymus improved. It was only in men, so they were going to do another trial. I'm curious if it's women. But anyway, if the thymus gets healthier, your immune system gets healthier. So that's one key component, have a healthy immune system. 语法解析

38:28

So how do they actually work? Are they like binding to receptors and activating gene expression and regulating various kind of protein networks in the body? Some peptides are so small, like epithelium, it can actually slip through and go through the nucleus and interact with the DNA through the histone binding sites. 语法解析

38:48

And some of these peptides were discovered by Dr. Kamison, who is from St. Petersburg, Russia. He has probably 40 years of research on these wonderful peptides. And unfortunately, he just passed away a couple weeks ago. So I'm really sad about that. 语法解析

39:04

I have so many questions to ask. And you didn't get to ask him? And I did have the privilege to talk to him once. But anyway, to me, he's like one of the top scientists. And he should have got the Nobel Prize in medicine. 语法解析

39:18

Yeah, it's quite amazing. But it also acts in certain receptors. So there's a group of receptors called the G protein couple receptor. And most peptides interact with that receptor and basically cause a cascade event. And then basically it's like… 语法解析

39:36

doorbell ringing and then you get a cascade event. Well, it's like insulin. Insulin binds to receptors in the cell and then kind of opens the gate for the glucose to go in the cell and PLP-1 agonists do a similar thing like ozempic. There is a receptor, yes, exactly. So it's a general class called the G-protein couple receptors. It won the Nobel Prize in medicine, the G-protein couple receptors. Yeah, yeah, incredible. So they're… 语法解析

40:04

about 150 peptides now out of the 300,000 that you said that are being researched for medical applications, right? And there's over 80 peptides that are already approved by the FDA for medical use. What are the kinds of things that people should be aware of that peptides work well for, or maybe even better than traditional therapies? 语法解析

40:28

Well, in my neighborhood, all my neighbors ring my doorbell and they have some type of injury so they just point to where they need a peptide injected. So they point to their shoulder or to the elbow, their foot, their ankle. So I have every day someone's ringing my doorbell to get a peptide shot. But I usually give BPC-157, which is one of my favorite peptides. It comes from her stomach, stomach fluid. 语法解析

40:53

Actually, the history is kind of interesting about that peptide. I really, anyway, I can go into that, but it was recently discovered like in 1990s in Croatia. Yeah. And anyway, I 语法解析

41:10

I actually published the first human clinical trial in peptides, a lot of research in animals, but I'm conducting two more human clinical trials, which is really exciting. That's amazing. So BP-157, for example, is a peptide that the body produces. 语法解析

41:28

I'm assuming it's made synthetically in the lab by putting together the sequence of amino acids. They know the sequence of it. They sequence the amino acids and they put together that string of amino acids. It's synthetically made, but it's identical. It's synthetically made, but it's a bioidentical molecule. 语法解析

41:42

So it's like making testosterone in the lab or making various molecules. And then BP-157, let's just unpack that because that's a very popular one. I personally used it. I've had a bicep tendonitis. I was doing some strength training and kind of irritated. And I'm like, well, I'm just going to shoot some BP-157 in there. I did a couple of shots and it went away. And it was impressive. 语法解析

42:08

And I've used it for other things as well and found them really very effective for immune function. When I had COVID, I, for example, used TA1 as a peptide using my patients. BB157, let's sort of just unpack that for a minute. How does that work in the body when you inject it, for example, systemically in your subcutaneous fat in your abdomen or if you have an issue with a particular muscle? 语法解析

42:32

When you have a tendon tear, you inject it into that. What's actually happening? Well, for tendon tear, muscle tear, or even like I inject in a patient's joints and they have a tear, what's interesting is that one classic study that was done is they had these rats and they cut the Achilles. 语法解析

42:57

That sounds fun. So poor rat. And basically one group basically got BPC injected in their stomach and the other group just got placebo. And the group that got injected into their stomach, in a month later, they were walking again. 语法解析

43:12

And you don't see that in nature. When you have an Achilles repair– - It doesn't heal by itself. - It's just gonna be– - Get this sewing together. - Exactly. This was the first thing that was shown, and that was like, “Wow.” - Wow. - So for my son, he had– basically, he was in high school. It was a cross-country team. He had a six-pack. He was just, like, born to run. 语法解析

43:31

He's developed basically an ITB injury, illiterate band, and he couldn't even walk. - Your ITB, I recall it, right? - Yeah, so he just could not even get in and out of the car. 语法解析

43:42

And I told him, he was in ninth grade, I said, son, I can inject BPC into your leg. And he said, you aren't effing doing that. So I had to show him some slides. And I showed him the rat. I had to show him hard data. And he goes, okay, you can inject. And then literally, he was, I don't know, 15 at that time. He quickly recovered. And like a week later, he was running again. That's amazing. It's amazing. And so… 语法解析

44:09

It actually helps. There's multiple theories on how it can help. Number one, it reduces inflammation. It recruits your immune system to basically heal. But the one part is there's a receptor called the… 语法解析

44:24

fat-gluin C receptor that activates your growth hormone receptor. So it's a pathway to help growth hormone receptors to be activated so that whatever growth hormone you have, you can actually heal faster. So growth hormone is really involved in healing and repair. Exactly. It's an antibiotic hormone, but you need the receptors, and that's what BPC-157 does. And there was a study that once they stopped it, three days later, they still had high expression growth hormone receptors. Interesting. 语法解析

44:53

So, if you use growth hormone peptides with basically BPC and TB4, you will heal much faster. So, I have people, I have so many patients who've had all these massive injuries. - Like the tesamorelin, samorelin peptides, you mean? - Yeah, CJC, 1295, tesamorelin, yes. They can all help heal faster too. - Amazing. So, it works by helping, for example, growth hormone. There may be mechanisms actually we don't really understand yet. - Exactly. 语法解析

45:18

What you said in the rat was interesting because they just injected it into the abdominal fat. Right. It's a signaling molecule. So it basically tells the body to kill. But they didn't have to inject it into the Achilles tendon. They did not inject it even near the tendon. Does it work better if you inject it near the site? Yes, it always does work better. But that study was truly mind-blowing in the belly of the rat and the Achilles tendon. That's quite amazing. And in some ways, peptides are used to treat… 语法解析

45:46

you know, injury or illness, right? Like, for example, BP-157 or insulin. Ozempic, you could say, would be something that would be a semaglutide peptide that would be used to treat obesity or diabetes or to help with various things that it helps with. But many of the peptides are not really treating disease so much as bioregulators that regulate 语法解析

46:13

our bodily functions to optimize them. Right. And my favorite one in regards to bioregulators is epithalon. Yeah. E-P-I-T-H-A-L-O-N. And that was discovered by Dr. Patterson. And so for example… The four amino acids… 语法解析

46:27

four amino acids, it seems like what would it do? It comes naturally from our pineal gland. And as we get older, like our thymus gland, it will calcify and will shrivel up and you lose melatonin and you lose epithelin from the pineal gland. And when you lose epithelin, what happens is your cells that are supposed to self-replicate get stuck in G2. So there's self-replication. So if you want a new skin cell, your body basically can get rid of the old skin cell and then you generate new skin cells. 语法解析

46:57

Inside our body we can generate new heart cells, new myocytes, new liver cells, new pancreas. But our ability gets less. Yeah, exactly, because we're losing epithelium. And epithelium basically turns on cell cycle. It's the peptide to make you younger. And I have patients who have prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. Some of them have reduction of their medication or even get off their insulin. 语法解析

47:21

I have patients who basically their macular degeneration is improving. Their vision is getting better. So it's actually making you younger. But you can't self-replicate forever because then you have discovered immortality, which I haven't discovered yet. Far from it. I don't think I'll ever do it. But I'll never find it. But anyway, I have patients that hurry up, Dr. Lee, but 语法解析

47:44

But Epitalin is just amazing. I just love it. Is this something you take every day? Is this something you take on a cycle? No, Ben Cavison wants me to cycle it. And so I have my patients, which is sad because the FDA has this on the chopping blocks there too in terms of banning peptides. But 语法解析

48:05

You can get EpiPallant spray, which is actually… Nasal spray. No, under the tongue. Under the tongue. Normally, you have to inject the Peptide. The problem is that there's so many on the Internet, but if you can get from Russia, the original one, Cavisyn, I'm sure… There's not a lot of commerce going back and forth with Russia. Through China. Through China. Yeah. The black market for Peptides. Well, this one's a spray, and this one, I trust Dr. Cavisyn. Yeah. 语法解析

48:32

So these are– I don't trust the other ones. It's Capucin's brand. So you mentioned, for example, it's sort of epithelium as a bioregulator that controls our– Self-replication. Self-replication, healing, repair. And so they're not like treating a disease, right? Exactly. So you get it. So what happens is– Insulin can treat type 1 diabetes, and that's great. But not all peptides are doing that. In fact, most of them are not. They're actually simply just enhancing function, like– 语法解析

48:59

Yeah, like PT-141 for example. Yeah, we both lost the same peptide at the same time. Yeah, that's a… For better libido, better sex drive, better mojo. It's actually approved for women. Yes, it has been FDA approved for that. And it also works for men. Yes, I have a lot of men and women on it. So it increases desire. So does oxytocin. Oxytocin is actually… 语法解析

49:23

FDA approved. Is it peptide? It's a peptide. It's FDA approved. Yeah, so oxytocin is the love molecule. It's the rest when you have your sex or when you are breastfeeding. But there's a lot of other benefits. And my nurse practitioner, Becky Murray, is going to do a webinar 语法解析

49:38

I hope stuff monthly webinar that is popular as yours. You probably have thousands. I have only 30 people following but anyway One day I'll be as popular as you mark. Well, let's see. I know there's no way You're trying to sell her. That's all right. Well, I bought my books I bought your book actually what I went on Kindle and it was free because I think it's free no unlimited. I 语法解析

50:04

Oh, really? Yeah. I'm going to take it off Amazon. I was going to buy it. I was like, wow, Kindle Unlimited. This is great. I got no boy. Maybe 10 cents a year from Amazon. So let's kind of dive in a little deeper around some of the use cases and where you're finding the top ones. 语法解析

50:24

value for peptides in clinical practice and for patients. What are the ones you like to use? What do they use for? Okay, number one that I just truly love is if you want skin, GHK copper. Dr. Pickard discovered GHK, and it's a natural biopsy. 语法解析

50:41

byproducts so when you have collagen and basically breaks down part of it is ghk so ghk can turn on your fibroblasts to make more basically collagen and hyaluronic acid and yeah the skin look better yeah um and you don't have to inject in your face you can just put in your abdomen 语法解析

50:59

Well, we have GHK copper topical. Topical. Yeah. So I'm not that smart, not that good looking, not a great athlete, but I have good skin even though I live in Florida and I don't even use sunscreen, but I use tons of GHK copper. On your face? Oh, yeah. Topical. I love it. And I tell all my patients. It stings like hell when you inject it. 语法解析

51:21

Well, no, no, I'm talking about topical, but you can inject. And for my father, who passed away recently with very aggressive cancer, T-cell lymphoma, a small bowel, he had a great life. And he basically was told, we really have like 30 days to live. Chemo radiation won't work. And I said, all right, dad, you're like basically in a walker. Let me give you some peptides. And so, I mean, for cancer, I mean, there's… 语法解析

51:50

Several different peptides that have a lot of clinical studies in it. So, simosalpha-1 could help. To help your immune system fight cancer? Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. As an adjuvant. Not the cure. We're not saying it's a cure. What you're saying is… Oh, yeah, yeah. All the studies, even stage four, most of them shows basically improvement of longevity than regression of mortality. 语法解析

52:14

So, thymus alpha-1 has been used. You can use basically metenkephalin, which I was using. GHK copper turns off also cancer genes. Epithelin can also do that. So, I told my dad, you're going to get some peptides, and I already drew it up. And my dad goes, I don't want them. These are costoic. 语法解析

52:36

He goes, I don't want to look. And he goes, I said, it's too late, Dad. Mom is going to inject you anyway. So… 语法解析

52:44

You can say whatever you want. And we got eight great months with my dad. That's amazing. So he went from like literally from a walker to walking two miles a day, regained his weight. That's incredible. Yeah, all through peptides. Yeah. And better nutrition, too. Yeah, amazing. So, you know, so kind of going down again into sort of the rabbit hole of like what are the best use cases? What are the top peptides in your toolkit, right? Yeah. 语法解析

53:09

For example, I know my best supplements are magnesium, vitamin D, fish oil. Those are my go-to, right? Probiotic. I would say number one is I love BPC-157. You can take it orally. People with reflux, it tightens the LES junction. I have some people get off their reflux medicine. That's the bottom of your esophagus where the kind of… 语法解析

53:34

reflux happens. It comes back up from the stomach. And there's not many things that tighten LES junction. Yeah, that's the lower esophageal sphincter. It's like a sphincter at the bottom of your esophagus and that's loose. As it comes up, you get reflux gird and all that. That's impressive. But BPC has FYI, I have people taking it and I inject 语法解析

53:54

peptides in their elbow and a month later they re-injure their elbow but they go, “I've been taking that BPC, my shoulder, I can sleep much better.” So it could improve your entire body. So I call it the Wolverine peptide. So you'll get younger. - So you can grow back. - Yeah, so you can say Wolverine peptide. - That's great. - Some people never watch Marvel. - BB-157, that's the top of your list. So we talked a bit about that and it's great for injuries, for trauma, for tissue repair. 语法解析

54:22

And I think it's one of the ones that I tend to rely on because I think it really, personally, it's helped me and I think it helps a lot of patients. What other, and there, 语法解析

54:33

- What other peptides are there? - I love thymosin alpha-1, 'cause as we get older, our thymus gland shrivels up and we're trying to basically help the thymus gland, I mean, your immune system get healthier. And as you know, Mark, you gotta have a healthy immune system because once it goes down, it goes to two ways. It goes to cancer or to infection. - Yeah, we get immunosenescence, which means the aging of our immune system, which is why when you're older, you get more infections, you can't fight them as well, you die of pneumonia, you don't respond as well to the vaccines. 语法解析

55:00

And you get, you know, looking at COVID, the people who are elderly had the higher risk of death. And so I think you're talking about a very important phenomenon that we don't really have a good treatment for with traditional medicine. So generally, I tell my patients to use like 250 micrograms of thymus alpha-1 like once or twice a week, just as… Not daily. You can use daily if you're sick, like higher doses. Like if you have COVID or flu. Yeah, my wife, one day, she goes… 语法解析

55:29

When she gets sick, it's a nightmare. Because I don't know when to drop the kids off. Do I give them lunch money? Where do I pick them up? You don't have a playbook for… I just… This is an Uber driver. So, yeah, I don't… I mean… So, when my kids were younger, my wife goes, I took everything, the C, the D, the zinc, you know, silver… 语法解析

55:49

I'm coming down with something. And she goes, you have something else? And I go, yeah, yeah, in the fridge. I have the thymus alpha-1. So I gave her, I remember this clearly, way before COVID, probably 2016 or something like that. So I gave her about one milligram of thymus alpha-1. Next morning, she was perfect. I was like, thank God, because if she was sick, 语法解析

56:09

I want to know how to handle the cold. We don't have the cure for the common cold, but if you take this, if you start to feel sick, when you get that feeling, I think I'm getting sick, and you take it, it can be 语法解析

56:19

Profoundly effective. Exactly. What else besides TA1 and BP157? I love epithalin. Generally, we do 5 milligrams sub-Q daily for like 10 days. If you skip a day or like the weekend, you forget, that's okay. Just make sure you finish the vial. So one vial will have 50 5-0 milligrams of epithalin twice a year. So you just do it twice a year? Yeah, twice a year. So like 10 days, twice a year. It's kind of a reset for your longevity. Exactly. 语法解析

56:48

And I had people like for me when I was doing it, it's amazing my sleep I was on melatonin every year higher and higher higher doses and 语法解析

56:57

And do you know epithalin turns on three genes of your pineal gland to make melatonin? And my wife goes, how come you're not taking melatonin anymore? I was like, I don't need it. I can sleep without it. So it can reset your pineal gland and help you sleep better. So I love epithalin because as we get older… And you mentioned the Russian version via the nasal spray, but you can also take it… Not nasal, it's under the tongue. Under the tongue? But you can also do it through… Injection through a 503A compound pharmacy, a prescription. 语法解析

57:26

Yeah, amazing. And the… The problem is that most people, when they hear this, they're going to get addicted to epithelium. Do not use it every day for the rest of your life because you're going to stop the magic in terms of self-fulfication. It will eventually, like the hayflick… 语法解析

57:42

theory, it's going to stop in terms of, it's no longer going to work. Just because a little bit's good doesn't mean a lot's better. Exactly. So, yeah, just be patient and don't take it every day of the year because it's going to eventually stop working. Now, you know, the other thing that sort of happens as we get older is, you know, 语法解析

58:00

we end up with hormonal changes. You know, lower testosterone, we have, you know, lower growth hormone, we tend to lose muscle, we sort of age as a result of changes in our hormonal environment. And what was interesting, a lot of these peptides can be involved in regulating hormone function. Well, yes, there are, like, we're 语法解析

58:24

In regards to women that are done with their post-menopause or finished with the menstrual cycle, sometimes I tell them, you may start your period coming back. And if you get pregnant, please mention me because I want to be famous. I'm not sure. Because I can't be famous like you, so I have to go the other route. 语法解析

58:42

So anyway, yeah, it's amazing. They go, my period was gone five years ago and I was coming back. So I don't know how long it's going to keep on going. But they've, in the animal studies… Using which peptide? Epithelium. Epithelium. Yeah. 语法解析

58:56

So ovarian function gets better. So it works not just on the pineal gland, but also other organs, maybe the hypothalamus. It can help the heart. Because it turns on gene expression, which is interesting. There's such approaches that get kicked on and things work. So at 语法解析

59:13

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抗衰 生物黑客

**对抗衰老的终极生物黑客：血浆置换、干细胞和肽**

The Biohacks Big Pharma Doesn’t Want You to Know: Plasmapheresis, Muse Cells & Peptides

**Transcript**

◉ 衰老的根本原因大多源于血浆中的分子，包括炎症、毒素积累和衰老细胞等。

◉ 血浆置换术是一种重要的创新疗法，尽管其在治疗自身免疫性疾病和神经系统疾病方面已有数十年历史，但它并未被广泛应用于普通健康人群。

◉ 需要解释血浆置换术作为抗衰老疗法的科学起源。

◉ 古代的放血疗法和现代的血浆置换术都基于去除血液中“有害物质”的理念，但血浆置换术技术更先进，能有效分离血浆和血细胞。

◉ 血浆置换术最初用于治疗沃尔德伦-斯托姆病，该病因血液中免疫复合物导致血液粘稠而致死。

◉ 什么是血浆？

◉ 血浆是血液的液体成分，约占血液的45%。

◉ 血浆是血液中所有细胞生存和相互作用的环境，包含生长因子、细胞信号分子和营养物质等。

◉ 血浆是体内细胞间通讯的“高速公路”。

◉ 为什么我们要去除血浆并用白蛋白替代液？血浆中有什么有害物质？

◉ 年轻小鼠与年老小鼠连接的实验表明，去除年老小鼠血浆中的物质可以使其年轻化。

◉ 关于年轻小鼠使年老小鼠年轻化的实验，研究重点应该放在去除年老小鼠血浆中的物质，而不是年轻小鼠血浆中的物质。

◉ 研究人员应该关注的是从年老小鼠体内去除什么物质，而不是年老小鼠或年轻小鼠体内有什么物质。

◉ 血浆中积累了导致炎症的细胞因子、毒素以及衰老细胞分泌的SASP等有害物质。

◉ 衰老细胞（僵尸细胞）会分泌炎性分子，加速衰老过程。

◉ 血浆中积累的炎症、毒素和受损蛋白等有害物质会加速衰老。

◉ 去除血浆中的有害物质可以减缓衰老。

◉ 血浆置换术是一种安全有效的技术，已被广泛应用于临床，可用于去除血浆中的有害物质。

◉ 血浆置换术是一种被低估的技术，可以用于治疗多种慢性疾病。

◉ 血浆置换术的治疗过程舒适安全，通过静脉注射去除少量血浆，然后将剩余的血细胞回输。

◉ 人们是否研究过被丢弃的血浆中含有什么物质？

◉ 被丢弃的血浆中含有与常规血液检测相同的物质，但血浆置换术可以完全去除这些物质。

◉ 血浆置换术可以有效去除体内的毒素。

◉ 血浆置换术可以降低体内的毒素水平，使身体有机会自我清洁。

◉ 血浆置换术如同身体的“换油”，可以改善身体功能。

◉ 一项德国研究表明，血浆置换术可以有效治疗新冠后遗症。

◉ 新冠后遗症患者常伴有针对自主神经系统的自身抗体，导致各种症状，血浆置换术可以有效降低这些抗体水平并改善症状。

◉ 许多感染新冠病毒的人可能患有新冠后遗症，血浆置换术可能是一种有效的治疗方法。

◉ 一项研究表明，所有感染过新冠病毒的人的免疫系统和炎症系统都存在一定程度的紊乱。

◉ 血浆置换术可能对新冠后遗症具有很好的治疗前景。

◉ 幹細胞具有自我更新和分化成各种组织的功能，但其在体外和体内的行为有所不同。

◉ 许多所谓的干细胞疗法实际上并非真正的干细胞疗法，它们可能只具有抗炎作用，而非真正的组织再生作用。

◉ 间充质干细胞（MSCs）不能分化成新的组织，但具有抗炎作用。

◉ 从自身脂肪或骨髓中提取的干细胞注射，主要起到抗炎作用，而非真正的组织再生。

◉ 间充质干细胞易于获取，且不会导致肿瘤。

◉ 间充质干细胞的来源不会对人体造成伤害。

◉ 间充质干细胞的临床应用结果不一致，因为大部分细胞在体内无法存活。

◉ 静脉注射的间充质干细胞大部分会滞留在肺部并死亡，导致临床试验结果不一致。

◉ 可以通过分离最佳干细胞群来提高干细胞疗法的疗效。

◉ 间充质干细胞有17个亚型，并非所有亚型都具有相同的疗效。

◉ 在日本，研究人员发现了Muse细胞，这是一种多能干细胞，能够分化成各种细胞类型，并且耐受恶劣环境。

◉ Muse细胞是一种多能干细胞，能够分化成所有类型的细胞，并且能够耐受恶劣环境。

◉ Muse细胞能够在体内存活更长时间，并发挥其治疗作用。

◉ 通过细胞分选技术可以分离出Muse细胞，提高治疗效果的一致性。

◉ Muse细胞已被用于治疗ALS、心脏病和中风等疾病，并取得了积极的临床效果。

◉ Muse细胞通过减少炎症、修复细胞功能和减少氧化应激来发挥作用。

◉ Muse细胞的作用机制包括线粒体DNA转移和线粒体自噬。

◉ 诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）可以使衰老细胞恢复年轻，但存在致瘤风险。

◉ 诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）目前尚未用于临床应用。

◉ Muse细胞比其他类型的干细胞更适合临床应用。

◉ 第一代干细胞疗法主要具有抗炎作用，而Muse细胞则能够更好地存活和发挥作用。

◉ Muse细胞比传统间充质干细胞更容易进入循环系统。

◉ Muse细胞可以用于局部注射或静脉注射。

◉ 静脉注射Muse细胞治疗ALS和中风的临床效果如何？

◉ 静脉注射Muse细胞治疗ALS患者可以改善吞咽和言语功能。

◉ 静脉注射Muse细胞治疗中风患者可以帮助他们恢复工作能力。

◉ 静脉注射Muse细胞治疗中风患者可以改善其日常生活活动能力。

◉ 一项临床试验表明，静脉注射Muse细胞治疗中风患者可以逆转白发。

◉ Muse细胞可能对哪些疾病有效？

◉ 衰老和慢性疾病的发生机制存在重叠，Muse细胞可以修复线粒体功能，从而改善代谢健康，治疗多种慢性疾病。

◉ Muse细胞可以治疗多种慢性疾病，因为它们可以修复线粒体功能，改善代谢健康。

◉ Muse细胞可以改善代谢健康，从而治疗多种慢性疾病。

◉ Muse细胞可以调节免疫系统，将机体从促炎状态转变为抗炎状态。

对抗衰老的终极生物黑客：血浆置换、干细胞和肽

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